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Young's Literal Translation

Isaiah 32

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 4

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⁴ And the heart of those hastened Understandeth to know, And the tongue of stammerers hasteth to speak clearly.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 32:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 57

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וּלְבַ֥ב נִמְהָרִ֖ים יָבִ֣ין לָדָ֑עַת וּלְשׁ֣וֹן עִלְּגִ֔ים תְּמַהֵ֖ר לְדַבֵּ֥ר צָחֽוֹת׃

9 word entries

וּלְבַ֥ב

Lemma: c/3824
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3824
Occurrences: 9

נִמְהָרִ֖ים

Lemma: 4116 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4116
Occurrences: 30

יָבִ֣ין

Lemma: 995
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H995
Occurrences: 122

לָדָ֑עַת

Lemma: l/3045
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3045
Occurrences: 49

וּלְשׁ֣וֹן

Lemma: c/3956
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3956
Occurrences: 20

עִלְּגִ֔ים

Lemma: 5926
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H5926
Occurrences: 1

תְּמַהֵ֖ר

Lemma: 4116 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4116
Occurrences: 30

לְדַבֵּ֥ר

Lemma: l/1696
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb piel infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1696
Occurrences: 56

צָחֽוֹת

Lemma: 6703
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H6703
Occurrences: 4

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἡ καρδία τῶν ἀσθενούντων προσέξει τῷ ἀκούειν, καὶ αἱ γλῶσσαι αἱ ψελλίζουσαι ταχὺ μαθήσονται λαλεῖν εἰρήνην.

17 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

καρδία

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καρδία
Transliteration: kardia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: heart
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
Occurrences: 867

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀσθενούντων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀσθενούντων
Transliteration: asthenoynton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

προσέξει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: προσέξει
Transliteration: prosexei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀκούειν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀκούειν
Transliteration: akoyein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

αἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γλῶσσαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γλῶσσαι
Transliteration: glossai
Morphology: Greek -σαι form; likely aorist infinitive or middle/passive verb form depending on context
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

αἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ψελλίζουσαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ψελλίζουσαι
Transliteration: psellizoysai
Morphology: Greek -σαι form; likely aorist infinitive or middle/passive verb form depending on context
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ταχὺ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ταχὺ
Transliteration: tachy
Morphology: rare LXX source token; morphology and lexical role require manual review
Gloss: rare source form
Part of Speech: adverb/adjectival form
Definition: Final low-confidence LXX tail classification for a rare Greek, elided, numeral, or transliterated source token. Exact lexical identity and morphology require manual review.
Occurrences: 29

μαθήσονται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μαθήσονται
Transliteration: mathesontai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

λαλεῖν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: λαλεῖν
Transliteration: lalein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 23

εἰρήνην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰρήνη
Transliteration: eirene
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: peace
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Peace, welfare, or wholeness.
Occurrences: 265

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܠܒܐ ܕܣܟܠ ܢܣܬܟܠ ܝܕܥܬܐ ܘܠܫܢܐ ܕܠܥܓܐ ܢܣܬܪܗܒ ܠܡܡܠܠܘ ܫܠܡܐ

9 word entries

ܘܠܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܒܐ
Transliteration: wlb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 18

ܕܣܟܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܣܟܠ
Transliteration: dskl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 4

ܢܣܬܟܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܣܬܟܠ
Transliteration: nstkl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

ܝܕܥܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܕܥܬܐ
Transliteration: yd't'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 38

ܘܠܫܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܫܢܐ
Transliteration: wlshn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 10

ܕܠܥܓܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܥܓܐ
Transliteration: dl'g'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܢܣܬܪܗܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܣܬܪܗܒ
Transliteration: nstrhb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

ܠܡܡܠܠܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܡܠܠܘ
Transliteration: lmmllw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 30

ܫܠܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܠܡܐ
Transliteration: shlm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 184

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּלְבַב מְהַרְהֲרִין יְסַבַּר לְמֵידַע וְלִישָׁנְהוֹן דַהֲוָה בְלִים יוֹחִי לְמַלָלָא בְּצַחְצְחָן׃

10 word entries

וּלְבַב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לבב
Transliteration: wlbb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 6

מְהַרְהֲרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הרהרין
Transliteration: mhrhryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

יְסַבַּר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יסבר
Transliteration: ysbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

לְמֵידַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מידע
Transliteration: lmyd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 25

וְלִישָׁנְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לישנהון
Transliteration: wlyshnhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 10

דַהֲוָה

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוה
Transliteration: dhwh
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + verbal root הוה
Gloss: of/that was, became, happened
Occurrences: 1114

בְלִים

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לים
Transliteration: blym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

יוֹחִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יוחי
Transliteration: ywchy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

לְמַלָלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מללא
Transliteration: lmll'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 57

בְּצַחְצְחָן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צחצחן
Transliteration: btschtschn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et cor stultorum intelliget scientiam, et lingua balborum velociter loquetur et plane.

12 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

cor

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cor
Transliteration: cor
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1028

stultorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: stulti
Transliteration: stultorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 17

intelleget

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: intelligo
Transliteration: intelleget
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 211

scientiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: scientia
Transliteration: scientiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 140

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

lingua

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lingua
Transliteration: lingua
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 219

balborum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: balbus
Transliteration: balborum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1

velociter

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uelociter
Transliteration: velociter
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 36

loquetur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: loquor
Transliteration: loquetur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1543

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

plane

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: plane
Transliteration: plane
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 3

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 32

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Ranked cross references

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Song of Solomon 7:9

Exodus 4:11

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Acts 4:13

Galatians 1:23

Acts 6:7