Isaiah
Chapter 2
Verse 18
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Young's Literal Translation

Isaiah 2

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 18

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 2:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 18
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְהָאֱלִילִ֖ים כָּלִ֥יל יַחֲלֹֽף׃

3 word entries
וְהָאֱלִילִ֖ים
Lemma
c/d/457
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + particle definite article + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H457
Occurrences
1
כָּלִ֥יל
Lemma
3632
Morphology
Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech
adjective
Strong's
H3632
Occurrences
12
יַחֲלֹֽף
Lemma
2498
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H2498
Occurrences
16
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ τὰ χειροποίητα πάντα κατακρύψουσιν,

5 word entries
Καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
τὰ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
χειροποίητα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
cheiropoieta
Morphology
nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
10
πάντα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
πᾶς
Transliteration
pas
Morphology
adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
all, every
Part of Speech
adjective
Definition
All, every, whole.
Occurrences
6138
κατακρύψουσιν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
katakrypsoysin
Morphology
verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss
they ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܦܬܟܪ̈ܐ ܓܡܝܪܐܝܬ ܢܥܒܪܘܢ

3 word entries
ܘܦܬܟܪ̈ܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wptkr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
5
ܓܡܝܪܐܝܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
gmyr'yt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences
2
ܢܥܒܪܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
n'brwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences
20
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְטַעֲוָתָא גְמִירָא יְסוּפוּן׃

3 word entries
וְטַעֲוָתָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wt'wt'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
113
גְמִירָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
gmyr'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
31
יְסוּפוּן׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
yswpwn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
30
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

et idola penitus conterentur;

4 word entries
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
idola
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
idolum
Transliteration
idola
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
144
penitus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
penitus
Transliteration
penitus
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
22
conterentur
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
contero
Transliteration
conterentur
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
173

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Zechariah 13:2

And it hath come to pass, in that day, An affirmation of Jehovah of Hosts, I cut off the names of the idols from the land, And they are not remembered any more, And also the prophets and the spirit of uncleanness I cause to pass away from the land.

3 relevance votes

Zephaniah 1:3

I consume man and beast, I consume fowl of the heavens, and fishes of the sea, And the stumbling-blocks — the wicked, And I have cut off man from the face of the ground, An affirmation of Jehovah,

3 relevance votes

Ezekiel 37:23

Nor are they defiled any more with their idols, And with their abominations, And with any of their transgressions, And I have saved them out of all their dwellings, In which they have sinned, And I have cleansed them, And they have been to Me for a people, And I — I am to them for God.

3 relevance votes

Isaiah 27:9

Therefore by this is the iniquity of Jacob covered, And this [is] all the fruit — To take away his sin, in His setting all the stones of an altar, As chalkstones beaten in pieces, They rise not — shrines and images.

3 relevance votes

Isaiah 21:9

And lo, this, the chariot of a man is coming, A couple of horsemen.' And he answereth and saith: 'Fallen, fallen hath Babylon, And all the graven images of her gods He hath broken to the earth.

3 relevance votes

Ezekiel 36:25

And I have sprinkled over you clean water, And ye have been clean; From all your uncleannesses, and from all your idols, I do cleanse you.

3 relevance votes

Hosea 14:8

O Ephraim, what to Me any more with idols? I — I afflicted, and I cause him to sing: 'I [am] as a green fir-tree,' From Me is thy fruit found.

3 relevance votes
Chapter 2 · 2 of 66 available Verse 18 of 22