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Jump to a verse in Isaiah 28

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Young's Literal Translation

Isaiah 28

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 7

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⁷ And even these through wine have erred, And through strong drink have wandered, Priest and prophet erred through strong drink, They have been swallowed up of the wine, They wandered because of the strong drink, They have erred in seeing, They have stumbled judicially.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 28:7. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 117

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְגַם־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ בַּיַּ֣יִן שָׁג֔וּ וּבַשֵּׁכָ֖ר תָּע֑וּ כֹּהֵ֣ן וְנָבִיא֩ שָׁג֨וּ בַשֵּׁכָ֜ר נִבְלְע֣וּ מִן־הַיַּ֗יִן תָּעוּ֙ מִן־הַשֵּׁכָ֔ר שָׁגוּ֙ בָּֽרֹאֶ֔ה פָּק֖וּ פְּלִילִיָּֽה׃

20 word entries

וְגַם

Lemma: c/1571
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1571
Occurrences: 249

אֵ֨לֶּה֙

Lemma: 428
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H428
Occurrences: 320

בַּיַּ֣יִן

Lemma: b/3196
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3196
Occurrences: 8

שָׁג֔וּ

Lemma: 7686
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7686
Occurrences: 17

וּבַשֵּׁכָ֖ר

Lemma: c/b/7941
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7941
Occurrences: 2

תָּע֑וּ

Lemma: 8582
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8582
Occurrences: 36

כֹּהֵ֣ן

Lemma: 3548
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3548
Occurrences: 96

וְנָבִיא֩

Lemma: c/5030
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5030
Occurrences: 13

שָׁג֨וּ

Lemma: 7686
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7686
Occurrences: 17

בַשֵּׁכָ֜ר

Lemma: b/7941
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7941
Occurrences: 1

נִבְלְע֣וּ

Lemma: 1104
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1104
Occurrences: 35

מִן

Lemma: 4480 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4480
Occurrences: 1059

הַיַּ֗יִן

Lemma: d/3196
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3196
Occurrences: 19

תָּעוּ֙

Lemma: 8582
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8582
Occurrences: 36

מִן

Lemma: 4480 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4480
Occurrences: 1059

הַשֵּׁכָ֔ר

Lemma: d/7941
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H7941
Occurrences: 1

שָׁגוּ֙

Lemma: 7686
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7686
Occurrences: 17

בָּֽרֹאֶ֔ה

Lemma: b/7203 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7203
Occurrences: 1

פָּק֖וּ

Lemma: 6328
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6328
Occurrences: 2

פְּלִילִיָּֽה

Lemma: 6417
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6417
Occurrences: 1

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Οὗτοι γὰρ οἴνῳ πεπλημμελημένοι εἰσίν· ἐπλανήθησαν διὰ τὸ σίκερα, ἱερεὺς καὶ προφήτης ἐξέστησαν διὰ τὸ σίκερα, κατεπόθησαν διὰ τὸν οἶνον, ἐσείσθησαν ἀπὸ τῆς μέθης, ἐπλανήθησαν· τοῦτέστι φάσμα.

27 word entries

Οὗτοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

γὰρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γάρ
Transliteration: gar
Morphology: postpositive explanatory conjunction
Gloss: for, because
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Explanatory or causal conjunction.
Occurrences: 1390

οἴνῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: οἴνῳ
Transliteration: oino
Morphology: dative singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

πεπλημμελημένοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πεπλημμελημένοι
Transliteration: peplemmelemenoi
Morphology: nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

εἰσίν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: εἰσίν
Transliteration: eisin
Morphology: dative plural noun pattern or 3rd plural verb ending depending on context
Gloss: to/for ... / they ...
Part of Speech: noun/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

ἐπλανήθησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπλανήθησαν
Transliteration: eplanethesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

διὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διά
Transliteration: dia
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: through, because of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of διά.
Occurrences: 881

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

σίκερα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σίκερα
Transliteration: sikera
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

ἱερεὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἱερεύς
Transliteration: hiereus
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: priest
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Priest.
Occurrences: 817

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

προφήτης

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: προφήτης
Transliteration: prophetes
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: prophet
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Prophet or spokesperson.
Occurrences: 188

ἐξέστησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξέστησαν
Transliteration: exestesan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

διὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διά
Transliteration: dia
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: through, because of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of διά.
Occurrences: 881

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

σίκερα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σίκερα
Transliteration: sikera
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

κατεπόθησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κατεπόθησαν
Transliteration: katepothesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

διὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διά
Transliteration: dia
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: through, because of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of διά.
Occurrences: 881

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

οἶνον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οἶνος
Transliteration: oinon
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative singular
Gloss: wine
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Wine.
Occurrences: 193

ἐσείσθησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐσείσθησαν
Transliteration: eseisthesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ἀπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: apo
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μέθης

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: μέθης
Transliteration: methes
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἐπλανήθησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπλανήθησαν
Transliteration: eplanethesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

τοῦτέστι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: τοῦτέστι
Transliteration: toytesti
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

φάσμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: φάσμα
Transliteration: phasma
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܦ ܗܠܝܢ ܒܚܡܪܐ ܛܥܘ ܘܒܫܟܪܐ ܛܥܘ ܟܗ̈ܢܐ ܘܢܒ̈ܝܐ ܛܥܘ ܒܫܟܪܐ ܐܬܒܠܥܘ ܡܢ ܚܡܪܐ ܙܥܘ ܡܢ ܫܟܪܐ ܛܥܘ ܒܪܘܝܘܬܐ ܐܟܠܘ ܐܣܘܛܐܝܬ

20 word entries

ܘܐܦ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܦ
Transliteration: w'p
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 323

ܗܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܠܝܢ
Transliteration: hlyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 840

ܒܚܡܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܚܡܪܐ
Transliteration: bhmr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 14

ܛܥܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܥܘ
Transliteration: t'w
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 11

ܘܒܫܟܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܫܟܪܐ
Transliteration: wbshkr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܛܥܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܥܘ
Transliteration: t'w
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 11

ܟܗ̈ܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܗܢܐ
Transliteration: khn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 365

ܘܢܒ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܒܝܐ
Transliteration: wnby'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 16

ܛܥܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܥܘ
Transliteration: t'w
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 11

ܒܫܟܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܫܟܪܐ
Transliteration: bshkr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 1

ܐܬܒܠܥܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܒܠܥܘ
Transliteration: 'tbl'w
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܚܡܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܡܪܐ
Transliteration: hmr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 95

ܙܥܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܥܘ
Transliteration: z'w
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 6

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܫܟܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܟܪܐ
Transliteration: shkr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 10

ܛܥܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܥܘ
Transliteration: t'w
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 11

ܒܪܘܝܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܪܘܝܘܬܐ
Transliteration: brwywt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 1

ܐܟܠܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܟܠܘ
Transliteration: 'klw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 9

ܐܣܘܛܐܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܣܘܛܐܝܬ
Transliteration: 'swt'yt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְאַף אִלֵין בְּחַמְרָא רְווֹ וּבְעַתִּיקָא אִסְתַּלְעֲמוּ כַהֲנָא וְסָפַּר רְווֹ מִן עַתִּיק אִסְתַּלְעֲמוּ מִן חֲמַר טְעוֹ מִן עַתִּיק אִתְפְּנִיאוּ בָּתַר מֵיכַל בְּסִיס טְעוֹ דַיָנְהָא׃

23 word entries

וְאַף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ואף
Transliteration: w'p
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 197

אִלֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלין
Transliteration: 'lyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 298

בְּחַמְרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חמרא
Transliteration: bchmr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 93

רְווֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רוו
Transliteration: rww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

וּבְעַתִּיקָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בעתיקא
Transliteration: wb'tyq'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

אִסְתַּלְעֲמוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסתלעמו
Transliteration: 'stl'mw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

כַהֲנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הנא
Transliteration: khn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 129

וְסָפַּר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ספר
Transliteration: wspr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 94

רְווֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רוו
Transliteration: rww
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

עַתִּיק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עתיק
Transliteration: 'tyq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 17

אִסְתַּלְעֲמוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסתלעמו
Transliteration: 'stl'mw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

חֲמַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חמר
Transliteration: chmr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 79

טְעוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טעו
Transliteration: t'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 45

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

עַתִּיק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עתיק
Transliteration: 'tyq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 17

אִתְפְּנִיאוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתפניאו
Transliteration: 'tpny'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 16

בָּתַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בתר
Transliteration: btr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 428

מֵיכַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יכל
Transliteration: mykl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 25

בְּסִיס

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סיס
Transliteration: bsys
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

טְעוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טעו
Transliteration: t'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 45

דַיָנְהָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ינהא
Transliteration: dynh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

[Verum hi quoque præ vino nescierunt, et præ ebrietate erraverunt; sacerdos et propheta nescierunt præ ebrietate; absorpti sunt a vino, erraverunt in ebrietate, nescierunt videntem, ignoraverunt judicium.

27 word entries

verum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uerum
Transliteration: verum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 12

hii

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: hii
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

quoque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quoque
Transliteration: quoque
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 773

prae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: prae
Transliteration: prae
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 79

vino

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uinum
Transliteration: vino
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 224

nescierunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nescio
Transliteration: nescierunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 181

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

prae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: prae
Transliteration: prae
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 79

ebrietate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ebrietas
Transliteration: ebrietate
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 22

erraverunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: erro
Transliteration: erraverunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 73

sacerdos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sacerdos
Transliteration: sacerdos
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 777

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

propheta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: propheta
Transliteration: propheta
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 506

nescierunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nescio
Transliteration: nescierunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 181

prae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: prae
Transliteration: prae
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 79

ebrietate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ebrietas
Transliteration: ebrietate
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 22

absorti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: absorbeo
Transliteration: absorti
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 19

sunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

vino

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uinum
Transliteration: vino
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 224

erraverunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: erro
Transliteration: erraverunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 73

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

ebrietate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ebrietas
Transliteration: ebrietate
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 22

nescierunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nescio
Transliteration: nescierunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 181

videntem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uideo
Transliteration: videntem
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1988

ignoraverunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ignoro
Transliteration: ignoraverunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 149

iudicium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iudicium
Transliteration: iudicium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 529

My people — its exactors [are] sucklings, And women have ruled over it. My people — thy eulogists are causing to err, And the way of thy paths swallowed up.

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