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Jump to a verse in Isaiah 17

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Young's Literal Translation

Isaiah 17

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 2

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² Forsaken are the cities of Aroer, For droves they are, and they have lain down, And there is none troubling.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 17:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 58

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

עֲזֻב֖וֹת עָרֵ֣י עֲרֹעֵ֑ר לַעֲדָרִ֣ים תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה וְרָבְצ֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃

8 word entries

עֲזֻב֖וֹת

Lemma: 5800 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle passive
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5800
Occurrences: 151

עָרֵ֣י

Lemma: 5892 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5892
Occurrences: 377

עֲרֹעֵ֑ר

Lemma: 6177
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6177
Occurrences: 4

לַעֲדָרִ֣ים

Lemma: l/5739
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5739
Occurrences: 2

תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה

Lemma: 1961
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1961
Occurrences: 1660

וְרָבְצ֖וּ

Lemma: c/7257
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7257
Occurrences: 7

וְאֵ֥ין

Lemma: c/369
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H369
Occurrences: 265

מַחֲרִֽיד

Lemma: 2729
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2729
Occurrences: 23

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

καταλελειμμένη εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, εἰς κοίτην ποιμνίων καὶ ἀνάπαυσιν, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ διώκων.

14 word entries

καταλελειμμένη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καταλελειμμένη
Transliteration: kataleleimmene
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

αἰῶνα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αἰών
Transliteration: aiona
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative singular
Gloss: age, eternity
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Age, era, world, or eternity depending on context.
Occurrences: 550

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

κοίτην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κοίτην
Transliteration: koiten
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

ποιμνίων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ποιμνίων
Transliteration: poimnion
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀνάπαυσιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀνάπαυσιν
Transliteration: anapaysin
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀνάπαυσιν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 22

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἔσται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: estai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will be
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

διώκων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: διώκων
Transliteration: diokon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܢܗ̈ܘܝܢ ܫܒܝ̈ܩܬܐ ܩܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܥܕܘܥܝܪ ܘܢܗ̈ܘܝܢ ܠܓܙܪ̈ܐ ܕܢܪܒܥܘܢ ܒܗܝܢ ܘܠܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܡܗܪܢܐ

12 word entries

ܘܢܗ̈ܘܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܗܘܝܢ
Transliteration: wnhwyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 17

ܫܒܝ̈ܩܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܒܝܩܬܐ
Transliteration: shbyqt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 6

ܩܘܪ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܘܪܝܐ
Transliteration: qwry'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 124

ܕܥܕܘܥܝܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܕܘܥܝܪ
Transliteration: d'dw'yr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܘܢܗ̈ܘܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܗܘܝܢ
Transliteration: wnhwyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 17

ܠܓܙܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܓܙܪܐ
Transliteration: lgzr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 3

ܕܢܪܒܥܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܪܒܥܘܢ
Transliteration: dnrb'wn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܒܗܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܗܝܢ
Transliteration: bhyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 52

ܘܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܐ
Transliteration: wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1993

ܢܗܘܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܗܘܐ
Transliteration: nhw'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 324

ܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗܘܢ
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1134

ܡܗܪܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܗܪܢܐ
Transliteration: mhrn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

שְׁבִיקַן קִרְוֵיהוֹן חֲרָבוּ לְבֵית מִשְׁרֵי עֶדְרִין דְעָן יְהוֹן וְיִשְׁרוֹן וְלֵית דְמָנִיד׃

11 word entries

שְׁבִיקַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שביקן
Transliteration: shbyqn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

קִרְוֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרויהון
Transliteration: qrwyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 47

חֲרָבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חרבו
Transliteration: chrbw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

לְבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: lbyt
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: to/for house, household
Occurrences: 2611

מִשְׁרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שרי
Transliteration: mshry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 75

עֶדְרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עדרין
Transliteration: 'dryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

דְעָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דען
Transliteration: d'n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

יְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהון
Transliteration: yhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 191

וְיִשְׁרוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישרון
Transliteration: wyshrwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 33

וְלֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לית
Transliteration: wlyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 629

דְמָנִיד׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מניד
Transliteration: dmnyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 10

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Derelictæ civitates Aroër gregibus erunt, et requiescent ibi, et non erit qui exterreat.

13 word entries

derelictae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: derelinquo
Transliteration: derelictae
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 214

civitates

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ciuitas
Transliteration: civitates
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1108

Aroer

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Aroer
Transliteration: Aroer
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 16

gregibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: grex
Transliteration: gregibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 182

erunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

requiescent

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: requiesco
Transliteration: requiescent
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 96

ibi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ibi
Transliteration: ibi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 517

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

erit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

exterreat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: exterreo
Transliteration: exterreat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 15

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 17

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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