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Jump to a verse in Isaiah 13

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Young's Literal Translation

Isaiah 13

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 2

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² 'On a high mountain lift ye up an ensign, Raise the voice to them, wave the hand, And they go in to the openings of nobles.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 13:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 68

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

עַ֤ל הַר־נִשְׁפֶּה֙ שְֽׂאוּ־נֵ֔ס הָרִ֥ימוּ ק֖וֹל לָהֶ֑ם הָנִ֣יפוּ יָ֔ד וְיָבֹ֖אוּ פִּתְחֵ֥י נְדִיבִֽים׃

13 word entries

עַ֤ל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

הַר

Lemma: 2022
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2022
Occurrences: 206

נִשְׁפֶּה֙

Lemma: 8192
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8192
Occurrences: 1

שְֽׂאוּ

Lemma: 5375
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5375
Occurrences: 386

נֵ֔ס

Lemma: 5251
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5251
Occurrences: 14

הָרִ֥ימוּ

Lemma: 7311 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperative 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7311
Occurrences: 126

ק֖וֹל

Lemma: 6963 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6963
Occurrences: 260

לָהֶ֑ם

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

הָנִ֣יפוּ

Lemma: 5130 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperative 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5130
Occurrences: 15

יָ֔ד

Lemma: 3027
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3027
Occurrences: 747

וְיָבֹ֖אוּ

Lemma: c/935
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal jussive 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H935
Occurrences: 984

פִּתְחֵ֥י

Lemma: 6607
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6607
Occurrences: 118

נְדִיבִֽים

Lemma: 5081
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H5081
Occurrences: 24

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐπʼ ὄρους πεδινοῦ ἄρατε σημεῖον, ὑψώσατε τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῖς, παρακαλεῖτε τῇ χειρί, ἀνοίξατε οἱ ἄρχοντες.

15 word entries

Ἐπʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: ep
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

ὄρους

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄρος
Transliteration: oros
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: mountain
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Mountain or hill.
Occurrences: 607

πεδινοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πεδινοῦ
Transliteration: pedinoy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἄρατε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἄρατε
Transliteration: arate
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἄρατε
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

σημεῖον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σημεῖον
Transliteration: semeion
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: sign
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sign, mark, signal, or wonder.
Occurrences: 55

ὑψώσατε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὑψώσατε
Transliteration: ypsosate
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

φωνὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: φωνή
Transliteration: phonen
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: voice, sound
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Voice, sound, or utterance.
Occurrences: 549

αὐτοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

παρακαλεῖτε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: παρακαλεῖτε
Transliteration: parakaleite
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

τῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

χειρί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: χείρ
Transliteration: cheir
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: hand
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Hand or power.
Occurrences: 1718

ἀνοίξατε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἀνοίξατε
Transliteration: anoixate
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἀνοίξατε
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἄρχοντες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄρχων
Transliteration: archon
Morphology: noun/participle substantive, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: ruler, leader
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Ruler, leader, or official.
Occurrences: 577

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܥܠ ܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܫ̈ܦܝܐ ܫܩܘܠܘ ܐܬܐ ܐܪܝܡܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܩܠܐ ܐܢܝܦܘ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܢܥܠܘܢ ܒܬܪ̈ܥܝܟܝ ܫ̈ܠܝܛܢܐ

13 word entries

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܛܘܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܛܘܪܐ
Transliteration: twr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 170

ܫ̈ܦܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܦܝܐ
Transliteration: shpy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 4

ܫܩܘܠܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܩܘܠܘ
Transliteration: shqwlw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 11

ܐܬܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܬܐ
Transliteration: etha
Morphology: verb root/form
Gloss: came
Occurrences: 214

ܐܪܝܡܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܪܝܡܘ
Transliteration: 'rymw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 15

ܠܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗܘܢ
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1134

ܩܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܠܐ
Transliteration: ql'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 134

ܐܢܝܦܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܝܦܘ
Transliteration: 'nypw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܒܐܝܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܐܝܕܐ
Transliteration: b'yd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 121

ܢܥܠܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܥܠܘܢ
Transliteration: n'lwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 19

ܒܬܪ̈ܥܝܟܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܬܪܥܝܟܝ
Transliteration: btr'yky
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 2

ܫ̈ܠܝܛܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܠܝܛܢܐ
Transliteration: shlytn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 17

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

עַל כְּרַכָּא דְיַתְבָא שְׁלֵיוָא זְקוּפוּ אָתָא אֲרִימוּ קָלָא לְהוֹן אֲנִיפוּ יַד וְיֵיעֲלוּן בְּתַרְעָהָא מִתְנַדְבִין׃

14 word entries

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

כְּרַכָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רכא
Transliteration: krk'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 23

דְיַתְבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתבא
Transliteration: dytb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 37

שְׁלֵיוָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שליוא
Transliteration: shlyw'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

זְקוּפוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זקופו
Transliteration: zqwpw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

אָתָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אתא
Transliteration: 't'
Morphology: verbal root אתא
Gloss: came
Occurrences: 341

אֲרִימוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארימו
Transliteration: 'rymw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 14

קָלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קלא
Transliteration: ql'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 38

לְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הון
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1262

אֲנִיפוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אניפו
Transliteration: 'nypw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

יַד

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יד
Transliteration: yd
Morphology: noun feminine singular
Gloss: hand, power
Occurrences: 92

וְיֵיעֲלוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ייעלון
Transliteration: wyy'lwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

בְּתַרְעָהָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תרעהא
Transliteration: btr'h'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

מִתְנַדְבִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תנדבין
Transliteration: mtndbyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

[Super montem caliginosum levate signum: exaltate vocem, levate manum, et ingrediantur portas duces.

13 word entries

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

montem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mons
Transliteration: montem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 644

caligosum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: caligosus
Transliteration: caligosum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 3

levate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: leuo
Transliteration: levate
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 168

signum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: signum
Transliteration: signum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 219

exaltate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: exalto
Transliteration: exaltate
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 162

vocem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uox
Transliteration: vocem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 583

levate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: leuo
Transliteration: levate
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 168

manum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: manus
Transliteration: manum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1822

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

ingrediantur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ingredior
Transliteration: ingrediantur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 561

portas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: porta
Transliteration: portas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 412

duces

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dux
Transliteration: duces
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 245

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 13

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Isaiah 5:26

Jeremiah 51:58

Jeremiah 50:2

Jeremiah 51:25

Isaiah 10:32

Isaiah 18:3

Isaiah 11:15

Isaiah 11:12