Hosea 12

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 2

Show original chapter

² And a controversy hath Jehovah with Judah, To lay a charge on Jacob according to his ways, According to his doings He returneth to him.

View Study Below

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 12:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 95

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אֶפְרַ֜יִם רֹעֶ֥ה ר֙וּחַ֙ וְרֹדֵ֣ף קָדִ֔ים כָּל־הַיּ֕וֹם כָּזָ֥ב וָשֹׁ֖ד יַרְבֶּ֑ה וּבְרִית֙ עִם־אַשּׁ֣וּר יִכְרֹ֔תוּ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לְמִצְרַ֥יִם יוּבָֽל׃

17 word entries

אֶפְרַ֜יִם

Lemma: 669
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H669
Occurrences: 149

רֹעֶ֥ה

Lemma: 7462 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7462
Occurrences: 91

ר֨וּחַ֙

Lemma: 7307
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7307
Occurrences: 271

וְרֹדֵ֣ף

Lemma: c/7291
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7291
Occurrences: 54

קָדִ֔ים

Lemma: 6921
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6921
Occurrences: 46

כָּל

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

הַיּ֕וֹם

Lemma: d/3117
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3117
Occurrences: 595

כָּזָ֥ב

Lemma: 3577
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3577
Occurrences: 29

וָשֹׁ֖ד

Lemma: c/7701
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7701
Occurrences: 8

יַרְבֶּ֑ה

Lemma: 7235 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7235
Occurrences: 151

וּבְרִית֙

Lemma: c/1285
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1285
Occurrences: 8

עִם

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

אַשּׁ֣וּר

Lemma: 804
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H804
Occurrences: 137

יִכְרֹ֔תוּ

Lemma: 3772
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3772
Occurrences: 139

וְשֶׁ֖מֶן

Lemma: c/8081
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8081
Occurrences: 26

לְמִצְרַ֥יִם

Lemma: l/4714
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4714
Occurrences: 8

יוּבָֽל

Lemma: 2986
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hophal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2986
Occurrences: 18

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὁ δὲ Ἐφραὶμ πονηρὸν πνεῦμα, ἐδίωξε καύσωνα ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν· κενὰ καὶ μάταια ἐπλήθυνε, καὶ διαθήκην μετὰ Ἀσσυρίων διέθετο, καὶ ἔλαιον εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐνεπορεύετο.

24 word entries

Ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

Ἐφραὶμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἐφραίμ
Transliteration: Ephraim
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Ephraim
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Ephraim.
Occurrences: 177

πονηρὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πονηρός
Transliteration: poneron
Morphology: adjective, accusative masculine singular or nominative/accusative neuter singular
Gloss: evil, wicked
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Evil, wicked, bad, or troublesome.
Occurrences: 198

πνεῦμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πνεῦμα
Transliteration: pneuma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: spirit, breath, wind
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Spirit, breath, or wind.
Occurrences: 216

ἐδίωξε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐδίωξε
Transliteration: edioxe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καύσωνα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καύσωνα
Transliteration: kaysona
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

ὅλην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅλος
Transliteration: holen
Morphology: adjective, accusative feminine singular
Gloss: whole, all
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Whole, entire, all.
Occurrences: 195

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἡμέραν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἡμέρα
Transliteration: hemera
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: day
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Day.
Occurrences: 2366

κενὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κενὰ
Transliteration: kena
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

μάταια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μάταια
Transliteration: mataia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

ἐπλήθυνε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπλήθυνε
Transliteration: eplethyne
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

διαθήκην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διαθήκη
Transliteration: diatheken
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: covenant, testament
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Covenant, testament, or arrangement.
Occurrences: 314

μετὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: meta
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

Ἀσσυρίων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἀσσύριος
Transliteration: Assyrion
Morphology: proper adjective/substantive, genitive plural
Gloss: of Assyrians
Part of Speech: proper noun/adjective
Definition: Assyrian.
Occurrences: 108

διέθετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: διέθετο
Transliteration: dietheto
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 29

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἔλαιον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔλαιον
Transliteration: elaion
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: oil, olive oil
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Olive oil or oil.
Occurrences: 190

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

Αἴγυπτον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Αἴγυπτος
Transliteration: Aigypton
Morphology: proper noun, accusative feminine singular
Gloss: Egypt
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Egypt.
Occurrences: 600

ἐνεπορεύετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐνεπορεύετο
Transliteration: eneporeyeto
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she was ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܦܪܝܡ ܪܥܐ ܪܘܚܐ ܘܪܕܦ ܥܠܥܠܐ ܝܘܡܐ ܟܠܗ ܕܓܠܘܬܐ ܘܒܙܬܐ ܐܣܓܝܘ ܘܕܝܬܩܐ ܥܡ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܦܣܩܘ ܘܡܫܚܐ ܠܡܨܪܝܢ ܐܘܒܠܘ

17 word entries

ܐܦܪܝܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܦܪܝܡ
Transliteration: 'prym
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 63

ܪܥܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܥܐ
Transliteration: r''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 8

ܪܘܚܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܪܘܚܐ
Transliteration: ruha
Morphology: noun, feminine emphatic singular
Gloss: spirit, wind
Occurrences: 147

ܘܪܕܦ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܪܕܦ
Transliteration: wrdp
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 15

ܥܠܥܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠܥܠܐ
Transliteration: 'l'l'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 18

ܝܘܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܘܡܐ
Transliteration: ywm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 225

ܟܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܟܠܗ
Transliteration: klh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 558

ܕܓܠܘܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܓܠܘܬܐ
Transliteration: dglwt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 15

ܘܒܙܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܒܙܬܐ
Transliteration: wbzt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 11

ܐܣܓܝܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܣܓܝܘ
Transliteration: 'sgyw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܘܕܝܬܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܝܬܩܐ
Transliteration: wdytq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܥܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡ
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 697

ܐܬܘܪܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܘܪܝܐ
Transliteration: 'twry'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 15

ܦܣܩܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܣܩܘ
Transliteration: psqw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܘܡܫܚܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܫܚܐ
Transliteration: wmshh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 24

ܠܡܨܪܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܨܪܝܢ
Transliteration: lmsryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 44

ܐܘܒܠܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܒܠܘ
Transliteration: 'wblw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דָמָן לִדְרוּחַ זְרַע וְעַלְעוֹל חֲצַד כָּל יוֹמָא כַּדְבִין וּבִזָא מַסְגָן וּקְיָם עִם אַתּוּרָאָה אָקִימוּ וְקוּרְבָּנָא לְמִצְרַיִם מוֹבְלִין׃

19 word entries

בֵּית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: byt
Morphology: noun construct/absolute
Gloss: house, household
Occurrences: 2611

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 2312

דָמָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דמן
Transliteration: dmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 252

לִדְרוּחַ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דרוח
Transliteration: ldrwch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

זְרַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זרע
Transliteration: zr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

וְעַלְעוֹל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלעול
Transliteration: w'l'wl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 8

חֲצַד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חצד
Transliteration: chtsd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

כָּל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: כל
Transliteration: kl
Morphology: collective noun/adjective
Gloss: all, every
Occurrences: 2135

יוֹמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יום
Transliteration: ywm'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: day
Occurrences: 899

כַּדְבִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דבין
Transliteration: kdbyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

וּבִזָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בזא
Transliteration: wbz'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 28

מַסְגָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סגן
Transliteration: msgn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 16

וּקְיָם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קים
Transliteration: wqym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 237

עִם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with
Occurrences: 1754

אַתּוּרָאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתוראה
Transliteration: 'twr'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 18

אָקִימוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אקימו
Transliteration: 'qymw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 18

וְקוּרְבָּנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קורבנא
Transliteration: wqwrbn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 17

לְמִצְרַיִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מצרים
Transliteration: lmtsrym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 261

מוֹבְלִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ובלין
Transliteration: mwblyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Judicium ergo Domini cum Juda, et visitatio super Jacob: juxta vias ejus, et juxta adinventiones ejus reddet ei.

18 word entries

iudicium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iudicium
Transliteration: iudicium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 529

ergo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ergo
Transliteration: ergo
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1237

Domini

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domini
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

Iuda

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iuda
Transliteration: Iuda
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 970

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

visitatio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uisitatio
Transliteration: visitatio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 27

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

Iacob

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Iacob
Transliteration: Iacob
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 364

iuxta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iuxta
Transliteration: iuxta
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 593

vias

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uia
Transliteration: vias
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 853

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

iuxta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iuxta
Transliteration: iuxta
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 593

adinventiones

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: adinuentio
Transliteration: adinventiones
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 27

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

reddet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: reddo
Transliteration: reddet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 267

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: ei
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Previous Chapter Previous Verse

Chapter 12 · 12 of 14 available Verse 2 of 14

Next Chapter Next Verse

Hosea 12

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Micah 6:2

Isaiah 10:6

Hosea 4:1

Jeremiah 25:31

Isaiah 3:11

Hosea 8:13

Hosea 2:13

Isaiah 10:12

Isaiah 24:21

Isaiah 59:18

Hosea 4:9

Hosea 9:9