Hosea 10

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 2

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² Their heart hath been divided, now they are guilty, He doth break down their altars, He doth destroy their standing-pillars.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 10:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 61

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

חָלַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם עַתָּ֣ה יֶאְשָׁ֑מוּ ה֚וּא יַעֲרֹ֣ף מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔ם יְשֹׁדֵ֖ד מַצֵּבוֹתָֽם׃

9 word entries

חָלַ֥ק

Lemma: 2505 b
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2505
Occurrences: 8

לִבָּ֖ם

Lemma: 3820 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3820
Occurrences: 463

עַתָּ֣ה

Lemma: 6258
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech: adverb
Strong's: H6258
Occurrences: 149

יֶאְשָׁ֑מוּ

Lemma: 816
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H816
Occurrences: 20

ה֚וּא

Lemma: 1931
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H1931
Occurrences: 1188

יַעֲרֹ֣ף

Lemma: 6202
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6202
Occurrences: 2

מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֔ם

Lemma: 4196
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4196
Occurrences: 171

יְשֹׁדֵ֖ד

Lemma: 7703
Morphology: Hebrew: verb poel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7703
Occurrences: 49

מַצֵּבוֹתָֽם

Lemma: 4676
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4676
Occurrences: 19

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐμέρισαν καρδίας αὐτῶν, νῦν ἀφανισθήσονται· αὐτὸς κατασκάψει τὰ θυσιαστήρια αὐτῶν, ταλαιπωρήσουσιν αἱ στῆλαι αὐτῶν.

14 word entries

Ἐμέρισαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐμέρισαν
Transliteration: emerisan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

καρδίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καρδία
Transliteration: kardia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: heart
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
Occurrences: 867

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

νῦν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: νῦν
Transliteration: nyn
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: now
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Now, at the present time.
Occurrences: 614

ἀφανισθήσονται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀφανισθήσονται
Transliteration: aphanisthesontai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

αὐτὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

κατασκάψει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κατασκάψει
Transliteration: kataskapsei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

θυσιαστήρια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: θυσιαστήρια
Transliteration: thysiasteria
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 29

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ταλαιπωρήσουσιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ταλαιπωρήσουσιν
Transliteration: talaiporesoysin
Morphology: verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

αἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

στῆλαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: στῆλαι
Transliteration: stelai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

αὐτῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܬܦܠܓ ܠܒܗܘܢ ܘܡܢ ܗܫܐ ܢܬܚܝܒܘܢ ܗܘ ܢܣܚܘܦ ܡܕܒܚܝܗܘܢ ܘܢܒܘܙ ܥܠܘܬܗܘܢ

10 word entries

ܐܬܦܠܓ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܦܠܓ
Transliteration: 'tplg
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܠܒܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܗܘܢ
Transliteration: lbhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 52

ܘܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܢ
Transliteration: wmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 827

ܗܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܫܐ
Transliteration: hsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 201

ܢܬܚܝܒܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܬܚܝܒܘܢ
Transliteration: nthybwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 5

ܗܘ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘ
Transliteration: hu
Morphology: pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss: he, it, is
Occurrences: 2003

ܢܣܚܘܦ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܣܚܘܦ
Transliteration: nshwp
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܡܕܒܚܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܕܒܚܝܗܘܢ
Transliteration: mdbhyhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 3

ܘܢܒܘܙ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܒܘܙ
Transliteration: wnbwz
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܥܠܘܬܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠܘܬܗܘܢ
Transliteration: 'lwthwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 5

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אִתְפְּלַג לִבְּהוֹן מִן אוֹרַיְתָא כְּעַן יְחוֹבוּן כְּעַן אַיְתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן סְנָאָה יְחַזֵר קְדַלְהוֹן דֶאֱגוֹרֵיהוֹן יִבּוֹז קָמָתְהוֹן׃

15 word entries

אִתְפְּלַג

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתפלג
Transliteration: 'tplg
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

לִבְּהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בהון
Transliteration: lbhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 81

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

אוֹרַיְתָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אוריתא
Transliteration: 'wryt'
Morphology: noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: law, Torah
Occurrences: 299

כְּעַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כען
Transliteration: k'n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 555

יְחוֹבוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יחובון
Transliteration: ychwbwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 14

כְּעַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כען
Transliteration: k'n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 555

אַיְתֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: איתי
Transliteration: 'yty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 112

עֲלֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עליהון
Transliteration: 'lyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 342

סְנָאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סנאה
Transliteration: sn'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 30

יְחַזֵר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יחזר
Transliteration: ychzr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

קְדַלְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדלהון
Transliteration: qdlhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 9

דֶאֱגוֹרֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אגוריהון
Transliteration: d'gwryhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 12

יִבּוֹז

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יבוז
Transliteration: ybwz
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

קָמָתְהוֹן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קמתהון
Transliteration: qmthwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Divisum est cor eorum, nunc interibunt; ipse confringet simulacra eorum, depopulabitur aras eorum.

13 word entries

divisum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: diuido
Transliteration: divisum
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 192

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

cor

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cor
Transliteration: cor
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1028

eorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

nunc

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nunc
Transliteration: nunc
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 620

interibunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: intereo
Transliteration: interibunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 37

ipse

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ipse
Transliteration: ipse
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 2134

confringet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: confringo
Transliteration: confringet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 100

simulacra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: simulacrum
Transliteration: simulacra
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 43

eorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

depopulabitur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: depopulor
Transliteration: depopulabitur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 7

aras

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ara
Transliteration: aras
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 61

eorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

1 Kings 18:21

and Elijah cometh nigh unto all the people, and saith, 'Till when are ye leaping on the two branches? — if Jehovah [is] God, go after Him; and if Baal, go after him;' and the people have not answered him a word.

6 relevance votes

Micah 5:13

And I have cut off thy graven images, And thy standing-pillars out of thy midst, And thou dost not bow thyself any more To the work of thy hands.

5 relevance votes

James 4:4

Adulterers and adulteresses! have ye not known that friendship of the world is enmity with God? whoever, then, may counsel to be a friend of the world, an enemy of God he is set.

4 relevance votes

Zephaniah 1:5

And those bowing themselves On the roofs to the host of the heavens, And those bowing themselves, Swearing to Jehovah, and swearing by Malcham,

3 relevance votes

James 1:8

a two-souled man [is] unstable in all his ways.

3 relevance votes

Luke 16:13

'No domestic is able to serve two lords, for either the one he will hate, and the other he will love; or one he will hold to, and of the other he will be heedless; ye are not able to serve God and mammon.'

3 relevance votes

Jeremiah 43:13

and he hath broken the standing pillars of the house of the sun, that [is] in the land of Egypt, and the houses of the gods of Egypt he doth burn with fire.'

2 relevance votes

Hosea 7:8

Ephraim! among peoples he mixeth himself, Ephraim hath been a cake unturned.

2 relevance votes

1 Samuel 5:4

And they rise early in the morning on the morrow, and lo, Dagon is fallen on its face to the earth, before the ark of Jehovah, and the head of Dagon, and the two palms of its hands are cut off at the threshold, only the fishy part hath been left to him;

2 relevance votes

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Hosea 10

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

1 Kings 18:21

Micah 5:13

James 4:4

Zephaniah 1:5

James 1:8

Luke 16:13

Jeremiah 43:13

Hosea 7:8

1 Samuel 5:4

Matthew 6:24

Hosea 13:16

Isaiah 44:18