4 by faith a better sacrifice did Abel offer to God than Cain, through which he was testified to be righteous, God testifying of his gifts, and through it, he being dead, doth yet speak.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hebrews 11:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
105
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Πίστει πλείονα θυσίαν Ἄβελ παρὰ Κάϊν προσήνεγκε τῷ Θεῷ, δι᾿ ἧς ἐμαρτυρήθη εἶναι δίκαιος, μαρτυροῦντος ἐπὶ τοῖς δώροις αὐτοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ· καὶ δι᾿ αὐτῆς ἀποθανὼν ἔτι λαλεῖται.
28 word entries
pistei
pleiona
qusian
para
kain
proshnegken
- Lemma
- proshnegken
- Transliteration
- proshnegken
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist active indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4374
- Occurrences
- 4
tw
qew
di
hv
emarturhqh
- Lemma
- emarturhqh
- Transliteration
- emarturhqh
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist passive indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G3140
- Occurrences
- 1
einai
dikaiov
marturountov
- Lemma
- marturountov
- Transliteration
- marturountov
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G3140
- Occurrences
- 1
epi
toiv
dwroiv
autou
tou
qeou
kai
di
authv
apoqanwn
eti
laleitai
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Πίστει πλείονα θυσίαν Ἄβελ παρὰ Κάϊν προσήνεγκεν τῷ θεῷ, δι’ ἧς ἐμαρτυρήθη εἶναι δίκαιος, μαρτυροῦντος ἐπὶ τοῖς δώροις αὐτοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ δι’ αὐτῆς ἀποθανὼν ἔτι λαλεῖ.
27 word entries
τῷ
θεῷ,
εἶναι
τοῖς
τοῦ
θεοῦ,
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܒܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ ܩܪܒ ܗܒܝܠ ܕܒܚܬܐ ܕܡܝܬܪܐ ܛܒ ܡܢ ܕܩܐܝܢ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܘܡܛܠܬܗ ܗܘܬ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܣܗܕܘܬܐ ܕܟܐܢܐ ܗܘ ܘܣܗܕ ܥܠ ܩܘܪܒܢܗ ܐܠܗܐ ܘܡܛܠܬܗ ܐܦ ܟܕ ܡܝܝܬ ܡܡܠܠ
24 word entries
ܒܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bhymnwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 74
ܩܪܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܪܒ
- Transliteration
- qrb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 45
ܗܒܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܒܝܠ
- Transliteration
- hbyl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܒܚܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܚܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dbht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܕܡܝܬܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܝܬܪܐ
- Transliteration
- dmytr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܛܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܛܒ
- Transliteration
- tb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 43
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܕܩܐܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܩܐܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dq'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- l'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 182
ܘܡܛܠܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܛܠܬܗ
- Transliteration
- wmtlth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܗܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܬ
- Transliteration
- hwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 248
ܥܠܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- 'lwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 151
ܣܗܕܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܗܕܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- shdwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 25
ܕܟܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- dk'n'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 6
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܘܣܗܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܣܗܕ
- Transliteration
- wshd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܩܘܪܒܢܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܘܪܒܢܗ
- Transliteration
- qwrbnh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- alaha
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- God
- Occurrences
- 497
ܘܡܛܠܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܛܠܬܗ
- Transliteration
- wmtlth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܐܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܦ
- Transliteration
- 'p
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 544
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܡܝܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܝܝܬ
- Transliteration
- myyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܡܠܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܡܠܠ
- Transliteration
- mmll
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 75
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Fide plurimam hostiam Abel, quam Cain, obtulit Deo, per quam testimonium consecutus est esse justus, testimonium perhibente muneribus ejus Deo, et per illam defunctus adhuc loquitur.
26 word entries
fide
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- fides
- Transliteration
- fide
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 294
plurimam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- multus
- Transliteration
- plurimam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1032
hostiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hostia
- Transliteration
- hostiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 119
Abel
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Abel
- Transliteration
- Abel
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 16
quam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
Cain
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Cain
- Transliteration
- Cain
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 19
obtulit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- offero
- Transliteration
- obtulit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 529
Deo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
per
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- per
- Transliteration
- per
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1915
quam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
testimonium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- testimonium
- Transliteration
- testimonium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 298
consecutus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- consequor
- Transliteration
- consecutus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 41
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
esse
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- esse
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
iustus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iustus
- Transliteration
- iustus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 427
testimonium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- testimonium
- Transliteration
- testimonium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 298
perhibente
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- perhibeo
- Transliteration
- perhibente
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 44
muneribus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- munus
- Transliteration
- muneribus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 118
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
Deo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
per
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- per
- Transliteration
- per
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1915
illam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
defunctus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- defungor
- Transliteration
- defunctus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20
adhuc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- adhuc
- Transliteration
- adhuc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 271
loquitur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- loquor
- Transliteration
- loquitur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1543
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Hebrews 12:24
and to a mediator of a new covenant — Jesus, and to blood of sprinkling, speaking better things than that of Abel!
11 relevance votesMatthew 23:35
that on you may come all the righteous blood being poured out on the earth from the blood of Abel the righteous, unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the sanctuary and the altar:
9 relevance votesProverbs 15:8
The sacrifice of the wicked [is] an abomination to Jehovah, And the prayer of the upright [is] His delight.
9 relevance votesGenesis 4:10
And He saith, 'What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother's blood is crying unto Me from the ground;
9 relevance votesJude 1:11
woe to them! because in the way of Cain they did go on, and to the deceit of Balaam for reward they did rush, and in the gainsaying of Korah they did perish.
8 relevance votesHebrews 9:22
and with blood almost all things are purified according to the law, and apart from blood-shedding forgiveness doth not come.
6 relevance votesGenesis 4:8
And Cain saith unto Abel his brother, ['Let us go into the field;'] and it cometh to pass in their being in the field, that Cain riseth up against Abel his brother, and slayeth him.
5 relevance votesGenesis 4:15
And Jehovah saith to him, 'Therefore — of any slayer of Cain sevenfold it is required;' and Jehovah setteth to Cain a token that none finding him doth slay him.
5 relevance votesGenesis 4:25
And Adam again knoweth his wife, and she beareth a son, and calleth his name Seth, 'for God hath appointed for me another seed instead of Abel:' for Cain had slain him.
4 relevance votesLuke 11:51
from the blood of Abel unto the blood of Zacharias, who perished between the altar and the house; yes, I say to you, It shall be required from this generation.
4 relevance votesLeviticus 9:24
and fire cometh out from before Jehovah, and consumeth on the altar the burnt-offering, and the fat; and all the people see, and cry aloud, and fall on their faces.
4 relevance votesHebrews 12:1
Therefore, we also having so great a cloud of witnesses set around us, every weight having put off, and the closely besetting sin, through endurance may we run the contest that is set before us,
4 relevance votes
Chapter 11 · 11 of 13 available
Verse 4 of 40