8 If oppression of the poor, and violent taking away of judgment and righteousness thou seest in a province, do not marvel at the matter, for a higher than the high is observing, and high ones [are] over them.
Ecclesiastes 5
Young's Literal Translation, Verse 8
Show original chapterSource Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ecclesiastes 5:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְיִתְר֥וֹן אֶ֖רֶץ בַּכֹּ֣ל היא מֶ֥לֶךְ לְשָׂדֶ֖ה נֶעֱבָֽד׃
וְיִתְר֥וֹן
אֶ֖רֶץ
בַּכֹּ֣ל
מֶ֥לֶךְ
לְשָׂדֶ֖ה
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ περίσσεια γῆς ἐπὶ παντί ἐστι, βασιλεὺς τοῦ ἀγροῦ εἰργασμένου.
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
περίσσεια
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- περίσσεια
- Transliteration
- perisseia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
γῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- ges
- Morphology
- noun, feminine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of earth, of land
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
ἐπὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐπί
- Transliteration
- epi
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, over, against
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
- Occurrences
- 6685
παντί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- παντί
- Transliteration
- panti
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἐστι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰμί
- Transliteration
- esti
- Morphology
- verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it is
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 5427
βασιλεὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- βασιλεύς
- Transliteration
- basileus
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- king
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- King or ruler.
- Occurrences
- 3067
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἀγροῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀγρός
- Transliteration
- agrou
- Morphology
- noun, masculine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of a field
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Field, countryside, or farm land.
- Occurrences
- 141
εἰργασμένου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- εἰργασμένου
- Transliteration
- eirgasmenoy
- Morphology
- genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܝܘܬܪܢܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܒܟܠ ܗܘ ܡܠܟܐ ܠܚܩܠܐ ܡܦܠܚ
ܘܝܘܬܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܝܘܬܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- wywtrn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- d'r''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 341
ܒܟܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܠ
- Transliteration
- bkl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 124
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 2003
ܡܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 1870
ܠܚܩܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܚܩܠܐ
- Transliteration
- lhql'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܡܦܠܚ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܦܠܚ
- Transliteration
- mplh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וּמוֹתַר שְׁבָח פּוּלְחָנוּת אַרְעָא עַל כּוֹלָא הִיא דִּבְעִדָּן דִמְרוֹדִין בְּנֵי מַלְכוּתָא וּמַלְכָּא מִתְיְהֵיב בְּפַצְחֵיהוֹן מִן קֳדָמֵיהוֹן אִין לֵית לֵיהּ עִיבּוּר לְמֵיכַל הַהוּא מַלְכָּא לִגְבַר פָּלַח בְּחַקְלָא מִתְעֲבֵיד עֲבַד מִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד׃
וּמוֹתַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מותר
- Transliteration
- wmwtr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 8
שְׁבָח
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שבח
- Transliteration
- shbch
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 29
פּוּלְחָנוּת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פולחנות
- Transliteration
- pwlchnwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
אַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- 'r''
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 1735
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
כּוֹלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ולא
- Transliteration
- kwl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1587
הִיא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- היא
- Transliteration
- hy'
- Morphology
- personal/demonstrative pronoun
- Gloss
- she, it
- Occurrences
- 241
דִּבְעִדָּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בעדן
- Transliteration
- db'dn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 22
דִמְרוֹדִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מרודין
- Transliteration
- dmrwdyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
בְּנֵי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- bny
- Morphology
- noun plural construct
- Gloss
- sons, children of
- Occurrences
- 2734
מַלְכוּתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לכותא
- Transliteration
- mlkwt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 173
וּמַלְכָּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- wmlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- and king
- Occurrences
- 2509
מִתְיְהֵיב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תיהיב
- Transliteration
- mtyhyb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 4
בְּפַצְחֵיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פצחיהון
- Transliteration
- bptschyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
מִן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
קֳדָמֵיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדמיהון
- Transliteration
- qdmyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 74
אִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אין
- Transliteration
- 'yn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 255
לֵית
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לית
- Transliteration
- lyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 629
לֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ליה
- Transliteration
- lyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1154
עִיבּוּר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עיבור
- Transliteration
- 'ybwr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
לְמֵיכַל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מיכל
- Transliteration
- lmykl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 70
הַהוּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ההוא
- Transliteration
- hhw'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 190
מַלְכָּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מלך
- Transliteration
- mlk'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- from king
- Occurrences
- 2509
לִגְבַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גבר
- Transliteration
- lgbr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 627
פָּלַח
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פלח
- Transliteration
- plch
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 44
בְּחַקְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חקלא
- Transliteration
- bchql'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 94
מִתְעֲבֵיד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תעביד
- Transliteration
- mt'byd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 52
עֲבַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- עבד
- Transliteration
- 'bd
- Morphology
- verbal or nominal root עבד
- Gloss
- made, did, served
- Occurrences
- 1208
מִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שתעבד
- Transliteration
- msht'bd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
et insuper universæ terræ rex imperat servienti.
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
insuper
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- insuper
- Transliteration
- insuper
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 56
universae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uniuersus
- Transliteration
- universae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 889
terrae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- terra
- Transliteration
- terrae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground
- Etymology
- Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
- Occurrences
- 3087
rex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- rex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
imperat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- impero
- Transliteration
- imperat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 70
servienti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- seruio
- Transliteration
- servienti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 283
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 12:5
Because of the spoiling of the poor, Because of the groaning of the needy, Now do I arise, saith Jehovah, I set in safety [him who] doth breathe for it.
7 relevance votesEcclesiastes 4:1
And I have turned, and I see all the oppressions that are done under the sun, and lo, the tear of the oppressed, and they have no comforter; and at the hand of their oppressors [is] power, and they have no comforter.
6 relevance votesEcclesiastes 3:16
And again, I have seen under the sun the place of judgment — there [is] the wicked; and the place of righteousness — there [is] the wicked.
5 relevance votesPsalms 82:1
— A Psalm of Asaph. God hath stood in the company of God, In the midst God doth judge.
3 relevance votesMalachi 3:5
And I have drawn near to you for judgment, And I have been a witness, Making haste against sorcerers, And against adulterers, And against swearers to a falsehood, And against oppressors of the hire of an hireling, Of a widow, and of a fatherless one, And those turning aside a sojourner, And who fear Me not, said Jehovah of Hosts.
2 relevance votesLuke 1:32
he shall be great, and Son of the Highest he shall be called, and the Lord God shall give him the throne of David his father,
2 relevance votesIsaiah 57:15
For thus said the high and exalted One, Inhabiting eternity, and holy [is] His name: 'In the high and holy place I dwell, And with the bruised and humble of spirit, To revive the spirit of the humble, And to revive the heart of bruised ones,'
2 relevance votesAmos 6:12
Do horses run on a rock? Doth one plough [it] with oxen? For ye have turned to gall judgment, And the fruit of righteousness to wormwood.
2 relevance votesActs 12:23
and presently there smote him a messenger of the Lord, because he did not give the glory to God, and having been eaten of worms, he expired.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 5:7
Because the vineyard of Jehovah of Hosts [Is] the house of Israel, And the man of Judah His pleasant plant, And He waiteth for judgment, and lo, oppression, For righteousness, and lo, a cry.
2 relevance votesLuke 1:76
And thou, child, Prophet of the Highest Shalt thou be called; For thou shalt go before the face of the Lord, To prepare His ways.
2 relevance votesLuke 1:35
And the messenger answering said to her, 'The Holy Spirit shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee, therefore also the holy-begotten thing shall be called Son of God;
2 relevance votes