1 And I have turned, and I see all the oppressions that are done under the sun, and lo, the tear of the oppressed, and they have no comforter; and at the hand of their oppressors [is] power, and they have no comforter.
Ecclesiastes 4
Young's Literal Translation, Verse 1
Show original chapterSource Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ecclesiastes 4:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְשַׁ֣בְתִּֽי אֲנִ֗י וָאֶרְאֶה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֲשֻׁקִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשִׂ֖ים תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ דִּמְעַ֣ת הָעֲשֻׁקִ֗ים וְאֵ֤ין לָהֶם֙ מְנַחֵ֔ם וּמִיַּ֤ד עֹֽשְׁקֵיהֶם֙ כֹּ֔חַ וְאֵ֥ין לָהֶ֖ם מְנַחֵֽם׃
וְשַׁ֣בְתִּֽי
וָאֶרְאֶה֙
אֶת
כָּל
הָ֣עֲשֻׁקִ֔ים
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
נַעֲשִׂ֖ים
תַּ֣חַת
הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ
וְהִנֵּ֣ה
דִּמְעַ֣ת
הָעֲשֻׁקִ֗ים
וְאֵ֤ין
לָהֶם֙
- Lemma
- l
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 4413
מְנַחֵ֔ם
וּמִיַּ֤ד
עֹֽשְׁקֵיהֶם֙
כֹּ֔חַ
וְאֵ֥ין
לָהֶ֖ם
- Lemma
- l
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 4413
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ ἐπέστρεψα ἐγὼ, καὶ εἶδον συμπάσας τὰς συκοφαντίας τὰς γενομένας ὑπὸ τὸν ἥλιον· καὶ ἰδοὺ δάκρυον τῶν συκοφαντουμένων, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῖς παρακαλῶν, καὶ ἀπὸ χειρὸς συκοφαντούντων αὐτοῖς ἰσχὺς, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῖς παρακαλῶν.
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἐπέστρεψα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐπέστρεψα
- Transliteration
- epestrepsa
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
ἐγὼ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
εἶδον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁράω
- Transliteration
- eidon
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular or 3rd plural
- Gloss
- I/they saw
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To see, perceive, or look at.
- Occurrences
- 768
συμπάσας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- συμπάσας
- Transliteration
- sympasas
- Morphology
- aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
- Gloss
- having ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
τὰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
συκοφαντίας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- συκοφαντίας
- Transliteration
- sykophantias
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
τὰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γενομένας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- γενομένας
- Transliteration
- genomenas
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
ὑπὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὑπό
- Transliteration
- hypo
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- under, by
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided form of ὑπό.
- Occurrences
- 443
τὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἥλιον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἥλιος
- Transliteration
- helios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- sun
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Sun.
- Occurrences
- 177
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἰδοὺ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἰδού
- Transliteration
- idou
- Morphology
- interjection/particle
- Gloss
- behold, look
- Part of Speech
- particle/interjection
- Definition
- Attention marker or interjection.
- Occurrences
- 1077
δάκρυον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- δάκρυον
- Transliteration
- dakryon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
τῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
συκοφαντουμένων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- συκοφαντουμένων
- Transliteration
- sykophantoymenon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
οὐκ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὐ
- Transliteration
- ou
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Negative particle before rough breathing.
- Occurrences
- 5892
ἔστιν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰμί
- Transliteration
- estin
- Morphology
- verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it is
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 5427
αὐτοῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
παρακαλῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- παρακαλῶν
- Transliteration
- parakalon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 11
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀπὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀπό
- Transliteration
- apo
- Morphology
- preposition with genitive
- Gloss
- from, away from
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
- Occurrences
- 3869
χειρὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- χείρ
- Transliteration
- cheir
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- hand
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Hand or power.
- Occurrences
- 1718
συκοφαντούντων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- συκοφαντούντων
- Transliteration
- sykophantoynton
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
αὐτοῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
ἰσχὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἰσχύς
- Transliteration
- ischys
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- strength
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Strength, power, or might.
- Occurrences
- 254
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
οὐκ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὐ
- Transliteration
- ou
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Negative particle before rough breathing.
- Occurrences
- 5892
ἔστιν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰμί
- Transliteration
- estin
- Morphology
- verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it is
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To be or exist.
- Strong's
- G1510
- Occurrences
- 5427
αὐτοῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
παρακαλῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- παρακαλῶν
- Transliteration
- parakalon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 11
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܗܦܟܬ ܐܢܐ ܘܚܙܝܬ ܝܬ ܟܠ ܛܠܘ̈ܡܝܐ ܕܡܬܥܒܕܝܢ ܬܚܝܬ ܫܡܫܐ ܗܐ ܕܡ̈ܥܐ ܕܛܠܝܡ̈ܐ ܘܠܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܡܒܝܐܢܐ ܡܢ ܐܝܕܐ ܕܛܠܘܡ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܚܝܠܐ ܘܠܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܡܥܕܪܢܐ
ܘܗܦܟܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܗܦܟܬ
- Transliteration
- whpkt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 19
ܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ena
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, first common singular
- Gloss
- I
- Occurrences
- 1289
ܘܚܙܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܙܝܬ
- Transliteration
- whzyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 58
ܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܬ
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 10
ܟܠ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܟܠ
- Transliteration
- kul
- Morphology
- quantifier/adjective
- Gloss
- all, every
- Occurrences
- 569
ܛܠܘ̈ܡܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܛܠܘܡܝܐ
- Transliteration
- tlwmy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 8
ܕܡܬܥܒܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܬܥܒܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dmt'bdyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܬܚܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܚܝܬ
- Transliteration
- thyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 116
ܫܡܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܫܐ
- Transliteration
- shmsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 99
ܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܐ
- Transliteration
- h'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 591
ܕܡ̈ܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܥܐ
- Transliteration
- dm''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 8
ܕܛܠܝܡ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܛܠܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- dtlym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܠܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܝܬ
- Transliteration
- wlyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 221
ܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1134
ܡܒܝܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܒܝܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mby'n'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 11
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5552
ܐܝܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܕܐ
- Transliteration
- 'yd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 117
ܕܛܠܘܡ̈ܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܛܠܘܡܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dtlwmyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܚܝܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܝܠܐ
- Transliteration
- hyl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 331
ܘܠܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܝܬ
- Transliteration
- wlyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 221
ܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1134
ܡܥܕܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܥܕܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- m'drn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 24
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וּתְבֵית אֲנָא וַחֲזִית יָת כָּל אֲנִיסִין דְּאִתְעֲבִידוּ לְצַדִּיקַיָּא [וְאִרְדוּ] בְּעָלְמָא הָדֵין תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא מִן יַד דוֹחֲקֵיהוֹן וְלֵית דִי מַלֵיל לְהוֹן תַּנְחוּמִין וְלֵית לְמִפְרַקְהוֹן מִן יַד דְאוֹנְסֵיהוֹן בִּתְקוֹף יְדָא וּבְחֵילָא וְלֵית דִי יַנְחִים לְהוֹן׃
וּתְבֵית
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תבית
- Transliteration
- wtbyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 20
אֲנָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אנא
- Transliteration
- 'n'
- Morphology
- personal pronoun first singular
- Gloss
- I
- Occurrences
- 1108
וַחֲזִית
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חזית
- Transliteration
- wchzyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 48
יָת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
כָּל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- כל
- Transliteration
- kl
- Morphology
- collective noun/adjective
- Gloss
- all, every
- Occurrences
- 2135
אֲנִיסִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אניסין
- Transliteration
- 'nysyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
דְּאִתְעֲבִידוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתעבידו
- Transliteration
- d't'bydw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 11
לְצַדִּיקַיָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צדיקיא
- Transliteration
- ltsdyqy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 212
וְאִרְדוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארדו
- Transliteration
- w'rdw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
בְּעָלְמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עלמא
- Transliteration
- b'lm'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 549
הָדֵין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הדין
- Transliteration
- hdyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 604
תְּחוֹת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תחות
- Transliteration
- tchwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 145
שִׁמְשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שמשא
- Transliteration
- shmsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 136
מִן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
יַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יד
- Transliteration
- yd
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular
- Gloss
- hand, power
- Occurrences
- 92
דוֹחֲקֵיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וחקיהון
- Transliteration
- dwchqyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
וְלֵית
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לית
- Transliteration
- wlyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 629
דִי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- די
- Transliteration
- dy
- Morphology
- relative/genitive particle
- Gloss
- of, that, which
- Occurrences
- 1711
מַלֵיל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ליל
- Transliteration
- mlyl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 232
לְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הון
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1262
תַּנְחוּמִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תנחומין
- Transliteration
- tnchwmyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 15
וְלֵית
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לית
- Transliteration
- wlyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 629
לְמִפְרַקְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מפרקהון
- Transliteration
- lmprqhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 5
מִן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
יַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יד
- Transliteration
- yd
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular
- Gloss
- hand, power
- Occurrences
- 92
דְאוֹנְסֵיהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אונסיהון
- Transliteration
- d'wnsyhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
בִּתְקוֹף
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תקוף
- Transliteration
- btqwp
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 200
יְדָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ידא
- Transliteration
- yd'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 152
וּבְחֵילָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בחילא
- Transliteration
- wbchyl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
וְלֵית
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לית
- Transliteration
- wlyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 629
דִי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- די
- Transliteration
- dy
- Morphology
- relative/genitive particle
- Gloss
- of, that, which
- Occurrences
- 1711
יַנְחִים
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ינחים
- Transliteration
- ynchym
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
לְהוֹן׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הון
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1262
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
[Verti me ad alia, et vidi calumnias quæ sub sole geruntur, et lacrimas innocentium, et neminem consolatorem, nec posse resistere eorum violentiæ, cunctorum auxilio destitutos,
verti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uerto
- Transliteration
- verti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 101
me
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ego
- Transliteration
- me
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 6108
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
alia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- alius
- Transliteration
- alia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 577
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
vidi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uideo
- Transliteration
- vidi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1988
calumnias
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- calumnia
- Transliteration
- calumnias
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 28
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
sub
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sub
- Transliteration
- sub
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 330
sole
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sol
- Transliteration
- sole
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 201
geruntur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gero
- Transliteration
- geruntur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 65
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
lacrimas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lacrima
- Transliteration
- lacrimas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 54
innocentum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- innocens
- Transliteration
- innocentum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 62
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
consolatorem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- consolator
- Transliteration
- consolatorem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 7
neminem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nemo
- Transliteration
- neminem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 205
nec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nec
- Transliteration
- nec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 750
posse
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- possum
- Transliteration
- posse
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 881
resistere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- resisto
- Transliteration
- resistere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 89
eorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
violentiae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uiolentia
- Transliteration
- violentiae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 4
cunctorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cunctus
- Transliteration
- cunctorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 586
auxilio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- auxilium
- Transliteration
- auxilio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 82
destitutos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- destituo
- Transliteration
- destitutos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 8
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Ecclesiastes 3:16
And again, I have seen under the sun the place of judgment — there [is] the wicked; and the place of righteousness — there [is] the wicked.
13 relevance votesEcclesiastes 5:8
If oppression of the poor, and violent taking away of judgment and righteousness thou seest in a province, do not marvel at the matter, for a higher than the high is observing, and high ones [are] over them.
8 relevance votesIsaiah 5:7
Because the vineyard of Jehovah of Hosts [Is] the house of Israel, And the man of Judah His pleasant plant, And He waiteth for judgment, and lo, oppression, For righteousness, and lo, a cry.
7 relevance votesLamentations 1:9
Her uncleanness [is] in her skirts, She hath not remembered her latter end, And she cometh down wonderfully, There is no comforter for her. See, O Jehovah, mine affliction, For exerted himself hath an enemy.
6 relevance votesPsalms 42:3
My tear hath been to me bread day and night, In their saying unto me all the day, 'Where [is] thy God?'
6 relevance votesMatthew 26:56
but all this hath come to pass, that the Writings of the prophets may be fulfilled;' then all the disciples, having left him, fled.
6 relevance votesPsalms 42:9
I say to God my rock, 'Why hast Thou forgotten me? Why go I mourning in the oppression of an enemy?
6 relevance votesMalachi 3:5
And I have drawn near to you for judgment, And I have been a witness, Making haste against sorcerers, And against adulterers, And against swearers to a falsehood, And against oppressors of the hire of an hireling, Of a widow, and of a fatherless one, And those turning aside a sojourner, And who fear Me not, said Jehovah of Hosts.
6 relevance votesPsalms 12:5
Because of the spoiling of the poor, Because of the groaning of the needy, Now do I arise, saith Jehovah, I set in safety [him who] doth breathe for it.
6 relevance votesIsaiah 51:23
And I have put it into the hand of those afflicting thee, Who have said to thy soul, Bow down, and we pass over, And thou makest as the earth thy body, And as the street to those passing by!'
6 relevance votesJob 35:9
Because of the multitude of oppressions They cause to cry out, They cry because of the arm of the mighty.
6 relevance votesLamentations 1:2
She weepeth sore in the night, And her tear [is] on her cheeks, There is no comforter for her out of all her lovers, All her friends dealt treacherously by her, They have been to her for enemies.
6 relevance votes