4 Hear this, ye who are swallowing up the needy, To cause to cease the poor of the land,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Amos 8:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
52
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֕את הַשֹּׁאֲפִ֖ים אֶבְי֑וֹן וְלַשְׁבִּ֖ית ענוי ־אָֽרֶץ׃
8 word entries
שִׁמְעוּ
הַשֹּׁאֲפִ֖ים
וְלַשְׁבִּ֖ית
- Lemma
- c/l/7673 a
- Morphology
- Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + verb hiphil infinitive construct
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Strong's
- H7673
- Occurrences
- 1
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἀκούσατε δὴ ταῦτα οἱ ἐκτρίβοντες εἰς τοπρωῒ πένητα, καὶ καταδυναστεύοντες πτωχοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς,
14 word entries
Ἀκούσατε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀκούω
- Transliteration
- akousate
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active imperative, 2nd plural
- Gloss
- hear, listen
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To hear, listen, or obey.
- Occurrences
- 438
δὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δή
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- particle
- Gloss
- indeed, now, then
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Emphatic or connective particle.
- Occurrences
- 284
ταῦτα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὗτος
- Transliteration
- houtos
- Morphology
- demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- this one
- Part of Speech
- demonstrative pronoun
- Definition
- This, these.
- Occurrences
- 3767
οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἐκτρίβοντες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐκτρίβοντες
- Transliteration
- ektribontes
- Morphology
- present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
- Gloss
- doing/being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
εἰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰς
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- preposition with accusative
- Gloss
- into, to, for
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
- Occurrences
- 6787
τοπρωῒ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- τὸ πρωί
- Transliteration
- to proi
- Morphology
- article plus adverbial noun/phrase
- Gloss
- in the morning
- Part of Speech
- adverbial phrase
- Definition
- Adverbial expression for morning or early time.
- Occurrences
- 59
πένητα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πένητα
- Transliteration
- peneta
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 26
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
καταδυναστεύοντες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- καταδυναστεύοντες
- Transliteration
- katadynasteyontes
- Morphology
- present active participle, nominative masculine plural pattern
- Gloss
- doing/being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
πτωχοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πτωχοὺς
- Transliteration
- ptochoys
- Morphology
- accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
ἀπὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀπό
- Transliteration
- apo
- Morphology
- preposition with genitive
- Gloss
- from, away from
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
- Occurrences
- 3869
τῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- ges
- Morphology
- noun, feminine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of earth, of land
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܫܡܥܘ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܫܝܛܝܢ ܠܡܣ̈ܟܢܐ ܘܡܒܛܠܝܢ ܠܒܝܫ̈ܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ
7 word entries
ܫܡܥܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܥܘ
- Transliteration
- shm'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 144
ܗܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 840
ܕܫܝܛܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܝܛܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dshytyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܡܣ̈ܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܣܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- lmskn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 40
ܘܡܒܛܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܒܛܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wmbtlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܒܝܫ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܝܫܐ
- Transliteration
- lbysh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 20
ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- d'r''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 341
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
שְׁמָעוּ דָא דְשָׁיְטִין כְּעַפְרָא דְאַרְעָא רֵישׁ מִסְכְּנַיָא וּמְדַמָן לְבַטְלָא מִלֵי חֲשִׁיכַיָא מִן אַרְעָא׃
13 word entries
שְׁמָעוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שמעו
- Transliteration
- shm'w
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 97
דָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דא
- Transliteration
- d'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 192
דְשָׁיְטִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שיטין
- Transliteration
- dshytyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 9
כְּעַפְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עפרא
- Transliteration
- k'pr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 74
דְאַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- d'r''
- Morphology
- prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- of/that earth, land
- Occurrences
- 1735
רֵישׁ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ריש
- Transliteration
- rysh
- Morphology
- noun masculine singular
- Gloss
- head, chief, beginning
- Occurrences
- 378
מִסְכְּנַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סכניא
- Transliteration
- mskny'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 3
וּמְדַמָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מדמן
- Transliteration
- wmdmn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
לְבַטְלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בטלא
- Transliteration
- lbtl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 9
מִלֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מלי
- Transliteration
- mly
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 102
חֲשִׁיכַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חשיכיא
- Transliteration
- chshyky'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 16
מִן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
אַרְעָא׃
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- 'r''
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 1735
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
[Audite hoc, qui conteritis pauperem, et deficere facitis egenos terræ,
10 word entries
audite
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audite
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
hoc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hoc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
conteritis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contero
- Transliteration
- conteritis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 173
pauperem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pauper
- Transliteration
- pauperem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 231
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
deficere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deficio
- Transliteration
- deficere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 163
facitis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- facitis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
egenos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- egenus
- Transliteration
- egenos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 32
terrae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- terra
- Transliteration
- terrae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground
- Etymology
- Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
- Occurrences
- 3087
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Proverbs 30:14
A generation — swords [are] their teeth, And knives — their jaw-teeth, To consume the poor from earth, And the needy from [among] men.
8 relevance votesAmos 5:11
Therefore, because of your trampling on the poor, And the tribute of corn ye take from him, Houses of hewn work ye have built, And ye do not dwell in them, Desirable vineyards ye have planted, And ye do not drink their wine.
6 relevance votesPsalms 14:4
Have all working iniquity not known? Those consuming my people have eaten bread, Jehovah they have not called.
6 relevance votesPsalms 12:5
Because of the spoiling of the poor, Because of the groaning of the needy, Now do I arise, saith Jehovah, I set in safety [him who] doth breathe for it.
4 relevance votesPsalms 140:12
I have known that Jehovah doth execute The judgment of the afflicted, The judgment of the needy.
3 relevance votesJames 5:6
ye did condemn — ye did murder the righteous one, he doth not resist you.
2 relevance votesMatthew 23:13
'Woe to you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye shut up the reign of the heavens before men, for ye do not go in, nor those going in do ye suffer to enter.
2 relevance votes1 Kings 22:19
And he saith, 'Therefore, hear a word of Jehovah; I have seen Jehovah sitting on His throne, and all the host of the heavens standing by Him, on His right and on His left;
1 relevance votesJeremiah 5:21
Hear ye, I pray you, this, O people, foolish and without heart, Eyes they have, and they see not, Ears they have, and they hear not.
1 relevance votesJeremiah 28:15
And Jeremiah the prophet saith unto Hananiah the prophet, 'Hear, I pray thee, O Hananiah; Jehovah hath not sent thee, and thou hast caused this people to trust on falsehood.
0 relevance votesIsaiah 1:10
Hear the word of Jehovah, ye rulers of Sodom, Give ear to the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah,
0 relevance votesAmos 7:16
And now, hear a word of Jehovah: thou art saying, Do not prophesy against Israel, nor drop [any thing] against the house of Isaac,
0 relevance votes