Amos 4

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 3

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³ And [by] breaches ye go forth, A woman [at that] over-against her, And ye have cast down the high place, An affirmation of Jehovah.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Amos 4:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 60

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וּפְרָצִ֥ים תֵּצֶ֖אנָה אִשָּׁ֣ה נֶגְדָּ֑הּ וְהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֥נָה הַהַרְמ֖וֹנָה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃

8 word entries

וּפְרָצִ֥ים

Lemma: c/6556
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6556
Occurrences: 1

תֵּצֶ֖אנָה

Lemma: 3318
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 2rd person feminine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3318
Occurrences: 539

אִשָּׁ֣ה

Lemma: 802
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H802
Occurrences: 438

נֶגְדָּ֑הּ

Lemma: 5048
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5048
Occurrences: 82

וְהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֥נָה

Lemma: c/7993
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential perfect 2rd person feminine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7993
Occurrences: 70

הַהַרְמ֖וֹנָה

Lemma: d/2038
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun proper + suffix
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H2038
Occurrences: 1

נְאֻם

Lemma: 5002
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5002
Occurrences: 373

יְהוָֽה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

καὶ ἐξενεχθήσεσθε γυμναὶ κατέναντι ἀλλήλων, καὶ ἀποῤῥιφήσεσθε εἰς τὸ ὄρος τὸ Ῥομμὰν, λέγει Κύριος.

14 word entries

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐξενεχθήσεσθε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐξενεχθήσεσθε
Transliteration: exenechthesesthe
Morphology: verb, middle/passive imperative or indicative, 2nd plural pattern
Gloss: you all ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

γυμναὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: γυμναὶ
Transliteration: gymnai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

κατέναντι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κατέναντι
Transliteration: katenanti
Morphology: preposition/adverb
Gloss: opposite, before
Part of Speech: preposition/adverb
Definition: Opposite, over against, or before.
Occurrences: 75

ἀλλήλων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀλλήλων
Transliteration: allelon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀποῤῥιφήσεσθε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀποῤῥιφήσεσθε
Transliteration: apoiphesesthe
Morphology: verb, middle/passive imperative or indicative, 2nd plural pattern
Gloss: you all ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὄρος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄρος
Transliteration: oros
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: mountain
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Mountain or hill.
Occurrences: 607

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ῥομμὰν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ῥομμὰν
Transliteration: omman
Morphology: aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss: they ... / ...
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

λέγει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: legei
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it says
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܠܬܘܪܥܬܐ ܬܪܗܛ ܐܢܬܬܐ ܠܩܘܒܠܗ̇ ܘܢܫܬ̈ܕܝܢ ܠܛܘܪܐ ܕܐܪܡܢܝ ܐܡܪ ܡܪܝܐ

9 word entries

ܘܠܬܘܪܥܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܬܘܪܥܬܐ
Transliteration: wltwr't'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܬܪܗܛ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܪܗܛ
Transliteration: trht
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

ܐܢܬܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܬܬܐ
Transliteration: 'ntt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 166

ܠܩܘܒܠܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܩܘܒܠܗ
Transliteration: lqwblh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 24

ܘܢܫܬ̈ܕܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܫܬܕܝܢ
Transliteration: wnshtdyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܠܛܘܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܛܘܪܐ
Transliteration: ltwr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 42

ܕܐܪܡܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܪܡܢܝ
Transliteration: d'rmny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܐܡܪ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܡܪ
Transliteration: emar
Morphology: verb root/form
Gloss: said, spoke
Occurrences: 1127

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְיִתָרְעוּן עֲלֵיהוֹן שׁוּרָא וְיִפְקוּן יַתְכוֹן כְּנִישִׁין גְבַר לְקִבְלֵיהּ וְיִגְלוֹן יַתְהוֹן לְהָלְאָה מִן טוּרֵי חַרְמִינֵי אֲמַר יְיָ׃

16 word entries

וְיִתָרְעוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתרעון
Transliteration: wytr'wn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 5

עֲלֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עליהון
Transliteration: 'lyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 342

שׁוּרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שורא
Transliteration: shwr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 51

וְיִפְקוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יפקון
Transliteration: wypqwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 32

יַתְכוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתכון
Transliteration: ytkwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 192

כְּנִישִׁין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נישין
Transliteration: knyshyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

גְבַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבר
Transliteration: gbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 627

לְקִבְלֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קבליה
Transliteration: lqblyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 16

וְיִגְלוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יגלון
Transliteration: wyglwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 22

יַתְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתהון
Transliteration: ythwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 329

לְהָלְאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הלאה
Transliteration: lhl'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 5

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

טוּרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טורי
Transliteration: twry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 35

חַרְמִינֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חרמיני
Transliteration: chrmyny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

אֲמַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: 'mr
Morphology: verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss: said, spoke
Occurrences: 3728

יְיָ׃

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et per aperturas exibitis altera contra alteram, et projiciemini in Armon, dicit Dominus.]

13 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

per

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: per
Transliteration: per
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1915

aperturas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aperio
Transliteration: aperturas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 283

exibitis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: exeo
Transliteration: exibitis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 321

altera

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: alter
Transliteration: altera
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 319

contra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: contra
Transliteration: contra
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 895

alteram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: alter
Transliteration: alteram
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 319

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

proiciemini

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: proicio
Transliteration: proiciemini
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 167

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

Armon

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Armon
Transliteration: Armon
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2

dicit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dicit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Amos 4

Source Text Study

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