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Young's Literal Translation

2 Samuel 2

Young's Literal Translation, Verse 12

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¹² And Abner son of Ner goeth out, and servants of Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, from Mahanaim to Gibeon.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 2:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 62

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיֵּצֵא֙ אַבְנֵ֣ר בֶּן־נֵ֔ר וְעַבְדֵ֖י אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֣שֶׁת בֶּן־שָׁא֑וּל מִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִם גִּבְעֽוֹנָה׃

11 word entries

וַיֵּצֵא֙

Lemma: c/3318
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3318
Occurrences: 388

אַבְנֵ֣ר

Lemma: 74
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H74
Occurrences: 51

בֶּן

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

נֵ֔ר

Lemma: 5369
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5369
Occurrences: 12

וְעַבְדֵ֖י

Lemma: c/5650
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5650
Occurrences: 60

אִֽישׁ

Lemma: 378+
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H378
Occurrences: 10

בֹּ֣שֶׁת

Lemma: 378
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H378
Occurrences: 11

בֶּן

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

שָׁא֑וּל

Lemma: 7586
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7586
Occurrences: 353

מִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִם

Lemma: m/4266
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4266
Occurrences: 2

גִּבְעֽוֹנָה

Lemma: 1391
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1391
Occurrences: 19

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ἀβεννὴρ υἱὸς Νὴρ, καὶ οἱ παῖδες Ἰεβοσθὲ υἱοῦ Σαοὺλ ἐκ Μαναὲμ εἰς Γαβαών·

15 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐξῆλθεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐξέρχομαι
Transliteration: exelthen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it went out
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To go out, come out, or depart.
Occurrences: 386

Ἀβεννὴρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἀβεννήρ
Transliteration: Abenner
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Abner
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Abner, biblical personal name.
Occurrences: 57

υἱὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

Νὴρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Νὴρ
Transliteration: ner
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Νὴρ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 15

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

παῖδες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: παῖς
Transliteration: pais
Morphology: noun, masculine/feminine nominative singular
Gloss: child, servant
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Child, servant, attendant, or young person.
Occurrences: 276

Ἰεβοσθὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἰεβοσθὲ
Transliteration: iebosthe
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἰεβοσθὲ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

υἱοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

Σαοὺλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Σαούλ
Transliteration: Saoul
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Saul
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Saul, biblical personal name.
Occurrences: 380

ἐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

Μαναὲμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: Μαναὲμ
Transliteration: manaem
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Μαναὲμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

Γαβαών

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Γαβαών
Transliteration: gabaon
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Γαβαών
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܢܦܩ ܐܒܢܝܪ ܒܪ ܢܝܪ ܘܥܒ̈ܕܘܗܝ ܕܐܫܒܫܘܠ ܒܪ ܫܐܘܠ ܡܢ ܡܚܢܝܡ ܠܓܒܥܘܢ

11 word entries

ܘܢܦܩ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܦܩ
Transliteration: wnpq
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 119

ܐܒܢܝܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܒܢܝܪ
Transliteration: 'bnyr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 31

ܒܪ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܒܪ
Transliteration: bar
Morphology: noun, masculine construct singular
Gloss: son
Occurrences: 1284

ܢܝܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܝܪ
Transliteration: nyr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 12

ܘܥܒ̈ܕܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܒܕܘܗܝ
Transliteration: w'bdwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 22

ܕܐܫܒܫܘܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܫܒܫܘܠ
Transliteration: d'shbshwl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 7

ܒܪ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܒܪ
Transliteration: bar
Morphology: noun, masculine construct singular
Gloss: son
Occurrences: 1284

ܫܐܘܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܐܘܠ
Transliteration: sh'wl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 265

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܡܚܢܝܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܚܢܝܡ
Transliteration: mhnym
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 8

ܠܓܒܥܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܓܒܥܘܢ
Transliteration: lgb'wn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּנְפַק אַבְנֵר בַּר נֵר וְעַבְדֵי אִישׁ בּוֹשֶׁת בַּר שָׁאוּל מִמַחֲנַיִם לְגִבְעוֹן׃

11 word entries

וּנְפַק

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: נפק
Transliteration: wnpq
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root נפק
Gloss: and went out, came forth
Occurrences: 177

אַבְנֵר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבנר
Transliteration: 'bnr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 62

בַּר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: br
Morphology: noun masculine singular
Gloss: son
Occurrences: 2734

נֵר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נר
Transliteration: nr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 13

וְעַבְדֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עבד
Transliteration: w'bdy
Morphology: verbal or nominal root עבד
Gloss: made, did, served
Occurrences: 1208

אִישׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: איש
Transliteration: 'ysh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 13

בּוֹשֶׁת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ושת
Transliteration: bwsht
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

בַּר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בר
Transliteration: br
Morphology: noun masculine singular
Gloss: son
Occurrences: 2734

שָׁאוּל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שאול
Transliteration: sh'wl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 424

מִמַחֲנַיִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מחנים
Transliteration: mmchnym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 8

לְגִבְעוֹן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבעון
Transliteration: lgb'wn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 34

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Egressusque est Abner filius Ner, et pueri Isboseth filii Saul, de castris in Gabaon.

14 word entries

egressusque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: egredior
Transliteration: egressusque
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 667

{egressusque}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {egressusque}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

Abner

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Abner
Transliteration: Abner
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 54

filius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filius
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

Ner

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ner
Transliteration: Ner
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 17

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

pueri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: puer
Transliteration: pueri
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 312

Hisboseth

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Hisboseth
Transliteration: Hisboseth
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 12

filii

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filii
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

Saul

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Saul
Transliteration: Saul
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 388

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

Castris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: castra
Transliteration: Castris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 263

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

Gabaon

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Gabaon
Transliteration: Gabaon
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 34

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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2 Samuel 2

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