12 and these, as irrational natural beasts, made to be caught and destroyed — in what things they are ignorant of, speaking evil — in their destruction shall be destroyed,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Peter 2:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
79
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Οὗτοι δέ, ὡς ἄλογα ζῷα φυσικὰ γεγενημένα εἰς ἅλωσιν καὶ φθοράν, ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσι βλασφημοῦντες, ἐν τῇ φθορᾷ αὐτῶν καταφθαρήσονται,
20 word entries
Οὗτοι
δέ
ὡς
ἄλογα
ζῷα
φυσικὰ
γεγενημένα
- Lemma
- gegenhmena
- Transliteration
- gegenhmena
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect passive participle nominative plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1096
- Occurrences
- 1
εἰς
ἅλωσιν
καὶ
φθοράν
ἐν
οἷς
ἀγνοοῦσι
βλασφημοῦντες
- Lemma
- blasfhmountev
- Transliteration
- blasfhmountev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G987
- Occurrences
- 5
ἐν
τῇ
φθορᾷ
αὐτῶν
καταφθαρήσονται
- Lemma
- katafqarhsontai
- Transliteration
- katafqarhsontai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb second future passive indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2704
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
οὗτοι δέ, ὡς ἄλογα ζῷα γεγεννημένα φυσικὰ εἰς ἅλωσιν καὶ φθοράν, ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν βλασφημοῦντες, ἐν τῇ φθορᾷ αὐτῶν καὶ φθαρήσονται,
21 word entries
καὶ
ἐν
ἐν
τῇ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܗܠܝܢ ܕܝܢ ܕܐܝܟ ܚܝܘܬܐ ܚܪܫܬܐ ܗܘܘ ܒܟܝܢܐ ܠܚܪܒܐ ܘܠܚܒܠܐ ܟܕ ܒܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܠܐ ܝܕܥܝܢ ܡܓܕܦܝܢ ܒܚܒܠܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ ܢܬܚܒܠܘܢ
17 word entries
ܗܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 451
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܕܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- d'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 37
ܚܝܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܝܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- hywt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 24
ܚܪܫܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܪܫܬܐ
- Transliteration
- hrsht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
ܗܘܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܘ
- Transliteration
- hww
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 815
ܒܟܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- bkyn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܚܪܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܚܪܒܐ
- Transliteration
- lhrb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܠܚܒܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܚܒܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wlhbl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܒܐܝܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܐܝܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- b'ylyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 11
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܝܕܥܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܕܥܝܢ
- Transliteration
- yd'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 122
ܡܓܕܦܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܓܕܦܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mgdpyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 10
ܒܚܒܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܚܒܠܐ
- Transliteration
- bhbl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܝܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dylhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܢܬܚܒܠܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܬܚܒܠܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nthblwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 2
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Hi vero velut irrationabilia pecora, naturaliter in captionem, et in perniciem in his quæ ignorant blasphemantes in corruptione sua peribunt,
21 word entries
hii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
vero
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uero
- Transliteration
- vero
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 537
velut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uelut
- Transliteration
- velut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 59
inrationabilia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- irrationabilis
- Transliteration
- inrationabilia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
pecora
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pecus
- Transliteration
- pecora
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 109
naturaliter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- naturaliter
- Transliteration
- naturaliter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 3
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
captionem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- captio
- Transliteration
- captionem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 4
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
perniciem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pernicies
- Transliteration
- perniciem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 3
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
his
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- his
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
ignorant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ignoro
- Transliteration
- ignorant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 149
blasphemantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- blasphemo
- Transliteration
- blasphemantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 67
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
corruptione
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- corruptio
- Transliteration
- corruptione
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 22
sua
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- sua
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
peribunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pereo
- Transliteration
- peribunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 250
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Jude 1:10
and these, as many things indeed as they have not known, they speak evil of; and as many things as naturally (as the irrational beasts) they understand, in these they are corrupted;
12 relevance votesJeremiah 12:3
And Thou, O Jehovah, Thou hast known me, Thou seest me, and hast tried my heart with Thee, Draw them away as sheep to slaughter, And separate them for a day of slaughter.
7 relevance votes2 Peter 2:19
liberty to them promising, themselves being servants of the corruption, for by whom any one hath been overcome, to this one also he hath been brought to servitude,
5 relevance votesGalatians 6:8
because he who is sowing to his own flesh, of the flesh shall reap corruption; and he who is sowing to the Spirit, of the Spirit shall reap life age-during;
5 relevance votesPsalms 92:6
A brutish man doth not know, And a fool understandeth not this; —
4 relevance votesJeremiah 10:21
For the shepherds have become brutish, And Jehovah they have not sought, Therefore they have not acted wisely, And all their flock is scattered.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 10:8
And in one they are brutish and foolish, An instruction of vanities [is] the tree itself.
3 relevance votesProverbs 14:32
In his wickedness is the wicked driven away, And trustful in his death [is] the righteous.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 4:22
For my people [are] foolish, me they have not known, Foolish sons [are] they, yea, they [are] not intelligent, Wise [are] they to do evil, And to do good they have not known.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 5:4
And I — I said, 'Surely these [are] poor, They have been foolish, For they have not known the way of Jehovah, The judgment of their God.
2 relevance votes2 Peter 1:4
through which to us the most great and precious promises have been given, that through these ye may become partakers of a divine nature, having escaped from the corruption in the world in desires.
2 relevance votesPsalms 94:8
Consider, ye brutish among the people, And ye foolish, when do ye act wisely?
2 relevance votes