19 and are confident that you yourself are a guide of the blind, a light to those who are in darkness,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 2:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
42
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
πέποιθάς τε σεαυτὸν ὁδηγὸν εἶναι τυφλῶν, φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει,
10 word entries
πέποιθάς
τε
σεαυτὸν
ὁδηγὸν
εἶναι
τυφλῶν
φῶς
τῶν
ἐν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
πέποιθάς τε σεαυτὸν ὁδηγὸν εἶναι τυφλῶν, φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει,
10 word entries
εἶναι
τῶν
ἐν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܐܬܬܟܠܬ ܥܠ ܢܦܫܟ ܕܡܕܒܪܢܐ ܐܢܬ ܕܥܘܝܪܐ ܘܢܘܗܪܐ ܕܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܒܚܫܘܟܐ
10 word entries
ܘܐܬܬܟܠܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܬܬܟܠܬ
- Transliteration
- w'ttklt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܢܦܫܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܫܟ
- Transliteration
- npshk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 39
ܕܡܕܒܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܕܒܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- dmdbrn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܢܬ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬ
- Transliteration
- ant
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, second singular
- Gloss
- you
- Occurrences
- 491
ܕܥܘܝܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܘܝܪܐ
- Transliteration
- d'wyr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܢܘܗܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܘܗܪܐ
- Transliteration
- wnwhr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
ܕܐܝܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܝܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- d'ylyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 37
ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- d'ytyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 28
ܒܚܫܘܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܚܫܘܟܐ
- Transliteration
- bhshwk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 11
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
confidis teipsum esse ducem cæcorum, lumen eorum qui in tenebris sunt,
12 word entries
confidis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- confido
- Transliteration
- confidis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 90
te
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tu
- Transliteration
- te
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4602
ipsum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
ducem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dux
- Transliteration
- ducem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 245
esse
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- esse
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
caecorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- caecus
- Transliteration
- caecorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 79
lumen
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lumen
- Transliteration
- lumen
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 90
eorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
tenebris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tenebrae
- Transliteration
- tenebris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 162
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 5:21
Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight!
3 relevance votesMatthew 5:14
“You are the light of the world. A city located on a hill can’t be hidden.
3 relevance votesJohn 9:34
They answered him, “You were altogether born in sins, and do you teach us?” Then they threw him out.
3 relevance votesProverbs 26:12
Do you see a man wise in his own eyes? There is more hope for a fool than for him.
3 relevance votesMatthew 6:23
But if your eye is evil, your whole body will be full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in you is darkness, how great is the darkness!
3 relevance votes1 Corinthians 4:10
We are fools for Messiah’s sake, but you are wise in Messiah. We are weak, but you are strong. You have honor, but we have dishonor.
3 relevance votesMatthew 15:14
Leave them alone. They are blind guides of the blind. If the blind guide the blind, both will fall into a pit.”
3 relevance votesIsaiah 49:6
Indeed, he says, “It is too light a thing that you should be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel. I will also give you as a light to the nations, that you may be my salvation to the end of the earth.”
3 relevance votesIsaiah 56:10
His watchmen are blind. They are all without knowledge. They are all mute dogs. They can’t bark— dreaming, lying down, loving to slumber.
3 relevance votesPhilippians 2:15
that you may become blameless and harmless, children of God without defect in the middle of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom you are seen as lights in the world,
2 relevance votesMatthew 4:16
the people who sat in darkness saw a great light; to those who sat in the region and shadow of death, to them light has dawned.”
2 relevance votesActs 26:18
to open their eyes, that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive remission of sins and an inheritance among those who are sanctified by faith in me.’
2 relevance votes