30 backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:30. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
44
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
καταλάλους, θεοστυγεῖς, ὑβριστάς, ὑπερηφάνους, ἀλαζόνας, ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν, γονεῦσιν ἀπειθεῖς,
9 word entries
καταλάλους
- Lemma
- katalalouv
- Transliteration
- katalalouv
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective accusative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G2637
- Occurrences
- 1
θεοστυγεῖς
- Lemma
- qeostugeiv
- Transliteration
- qeostugeiv
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective accusative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G2319
- Occurrences
- 1
ὑβριστάς
ὑπερηφάνους
- Lemma
- uperhfanouv
- Transliteration
- uperhfanouv
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective accusative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G5244
- Occurrences
- 2
ἀλαζόνας
ἐφευρετὰς
κακῶν
γονεῦσιν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ψιθυριστάς, καταλάλους, θεοστυγεῖς, ὑβριστάς, ὑπερηφάνους, ἀλαζόνας, ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν, γονεῦσιν ἀπειθεῖς,
10 word entries
ψιθυριστάς,
- Lemma
- ψιθυριστής
- Morphology
- N-APM
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G5588
- Occurrences
- 1
ὑπερηφάνους,
- Lemma
- ὑπερήφανος
- Morphology
- A-APM
- Part of Speech
- A
- Strong's
- G5244
- Occurrences
- 5
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܪܛܢܐ ܘܡܐܟܠܩܪܨܐ ܘܣܢܝܐܝܢ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܡܨܥܪܢܐ ܚܬܝܪܐ ܫܒܗܪܢܐ ܡܫܟܚܝ ܒܝܫܬܐ ܚܣܝܪܝ ܪܥܝܢܐ ܕܠܐܒܗܝܗܘܢ ܠܐ ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
14 word entries
ܘܪܛܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܪܛܢܐ
- Transliteration
- wrtn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܡܐܟܠܩܪܨܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܐܟܠܩܪܨܐ
- Transliteration
- wm'klqrs'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܣܢܝܐܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܣܢܝܐܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wsny'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- l'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 182
ܡܨܥܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܨܥܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ms'rn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܚܬܝܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܬܝܪܐ
- Transliteration
- htyr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܫܒܗܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܒܗܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- shbhrn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܡܫܟܚܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܫܟܚܝ
- Transliteration
- mshkhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܝܫܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܫܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bysht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 66
ܚܣܝܪܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܣܝܪܝ
- Transliteration
- hsyry
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܪܥܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܥܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- r'yn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 27
ܕܠܐܒܗܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐܒܗܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dl'bhyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1681
ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mttpysyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 15
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
detractores, Deo odibiles, contumeliosos, superbos, elatos, inventores malorum, parentibus non obedientes,
11 word entries
detractores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- detractor
- Transliteration
- detractores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 4
Deo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
odibiles
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- odibilis
- Transliteration
- odibiles
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 11
contumeliosos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contumeliosus
- Transliteration
- contumeliosos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 4
superbos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- superbus
- Transliteration
- superbos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 63
elatos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- effero
- Transliteration
- elatos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 37
inventores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuentor
- Transliteration
- inventores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
malorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- malum
- Transliteration
- malorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 129
parentibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- parens
- Transliteration
- parentibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 58
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
oboedientes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- obedio
- Transliteration
- oboedientes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 82
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Timothy 3:2
For men will be lovers of self, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy,
10 relevance votesJude 1:16
These are murmurers and complainers, walking after their lusts—and their mouth speaks proud things—showing respect of persons to gain advantage.
5 relevance votes2 Peter 2:18
For, uttering great swelling words of emptiness, they entice in the lusts of the flesh, by licentiousness, those who are indeed escaping from those who live in error;
4 relevance votesTitus 3:3
For we were also once foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another.
3 relevance votesJames 4:16
But now you glory in your boasting. All such boasting is evil.
3 relevance votesJames 3:5
So the tongue is also a little member, and boasts great things. See how a small fire can spread to a large forest!
3 relevance votesPsalms 81:15
The haters of the LORD would cringe before him, and their punishment would last forever.
2 relevance votesPsalms 99:8
You answered them, LORD our God. You are a God who forgave them, although you took vengeance for their doings.
2 relevance votesDeuteronomy 7:10
and repays those who hate him to their face, to destroy them. He will not be slack to him who hates him. He will repay him to his face.
2 relevance votesMatthew 16:21
From that time, Yeshua began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and be killed, and the third day be raised up.
2 relevance votesNumbers 10:35
When the ark went forward, Moses said, “Rise up, LORD, and let your enemies be scattered! Let those who hate you flee before you!”
2 relevance votesProverbs 8:36
But he who sins against me wrongs his own soul. All those who hate me love death.”
2 relevance votes