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World Messianic Bible

Proverbs 28

World Messianic Bible, Verse 8

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⁸ He who increases his wealth by excessive interest gathers it for one who has pity on the poor.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 28:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 53

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מַרְבֶּ֣ה ה֭וֹנוֹ בְּנֶ֣שֶׁךְ ובתרבית לְחוֹנֵ֖ן דַּלִּ֣ים יִקְבְּצֶֽנּוּ׃

8 word entries

מַרְבֶּ֣ה

Lemma: 7235 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7235
Occurrences: 151

ה֭וֹנוֹ

Lemma: 1952
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1952
Occurrences: 21

בְּנֶ֣שֶׁךְ

Lemma: b/5392
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5392
Occurrences: 5

ובתרבית

Lemma: c/b/8636
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8636
Occurrences: 1

וְתַרְבִּ֑ית

Lemma: c/8636
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8636
Occurrences: 6

לְחוֹנֵ֖ן

Lemma: l/2603 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2603
Occurrences: 4

דַּלִּ֣ים

Lemma: 1800
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H1800
Occurrences: 36

יִקְבְּצֶֽנּוּ

Lemma: 6908
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6908
Occurrences: 58

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὁ πληθύνων τὸν πλοῦτον αὐτοῦ μετὰ τόκων καὶ πλεονασμῶν, τῷ ἐλεῶντι πτωχοὺς συνάγει αὐτόν.

14 word entries

Ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πληθύνων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πληθύνων
Transliteration: plethynon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πλοῦτον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πλοῦτον
Transliteration: ployton
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 32

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

μετὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: meta
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

τόκων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: τόκων
Transliteration: tokon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

πλεονασμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: πλεονασμῶν
Transliteration: pleonasmon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐλεῶντι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐλεῶντι
Transliteration: eleonti
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

πτωχοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πτωχοὺς
Transliteration: ptochoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

συνάγει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: συνάγει
Transliteration: synagei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

αὐτόν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܕܡܣܓܐ ܩܢܝܢܗ ܡܢ ܩܨܨܐ ܘܡܢ ܪܒܝܬܐ ܢܫܒܩܝܘܗܝ ܠܡ̇ܢ ܕܡܪܚܡ ܥܠ ܡܣ̈ܟܢܐ

11 word entries

ܕܡܣܓܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܣܓܐ
Transliteration: dmsg'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 4

ܩܢܝܢܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܢܝܢܗ
Transliteration: qnynh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 7

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܩܨܨܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܨܨܐ
Transliteration: qss'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 1

ܘܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܢ
Transliteration: wmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 827

ܪܒܝܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܒܝܬܐ
Transliteration: rbyt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 7

ܢܫܒܩܝܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܫܒܩܝܘܗܝ
Transliteration: nshbqywhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 9

ܠܡ̇ܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܢ
Transliteration: lmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 57

ܕܡܪܚܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܪܚܡ
Transliteration: dmrhm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 7

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܡܣ̈ܟܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܣܟܢܐ
Transliteration: mskn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 52

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

דְמַסְגִיעַ מַזָלֵיהּ בְּנִכְתְּתָא וּבְרִבִּיתָא לְמַן דִמְרַחֵם עַל מִסְכְּנֵי מְכַנְשֵׁיהּ׃

9 word entries

דְמַסְגִיעַ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מסגיע
Transliteration: dmsgy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

מַזָלֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זליה
Transliteration: mzlyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

בְּנִכְתְּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נכתתא
Transliteration: bnktt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

וּבְרִבִּיתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ברביתא
Transliteration: wbrbyt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

לְמַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: למן
Transliteration: lmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 40

דִמְרַחֵם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מרחם
Transliteration: dmrchm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

מִסְכְּנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סכני
Transliteration: mskny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

מְכַנְשֵׁיהּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כנשיה
Transliteration: mknshyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Qui coacervat divitias usuris et fœnore, liberali in pauperes congregat eas.

11 word entries

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

coacervat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: coaceruo
Transliteration: coacervat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 8

divitias

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: diuitiae
Transliteration: divitias
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 94

usuris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: usura
Transliteration: usuris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 14

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

fenore

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fenus
Transliteration: fenore
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 7

liberali

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: liberalis
Transliteration: liberali
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 2

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

pauperes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pauper
Transliteration: pauperes
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 231

congregat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: congrego
Transliteration: congregat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 401

eas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eas
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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