19 But when Sanballat the Horonite, Tobiah the Ammonite servant, and Geshem the Arabian, heard it, they ridiculed us and despised us, and said, “What is this thing that you are doing? Will you rebel against the king?”
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Nehemiah 2:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
3
Word Entries
76
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וַיִּשְׁמַע֩ סַנְבַלַּ֨ט הַחֹרֹנִ֜י וְטֹבִיָּ֣ה ׀ הָעֶ֣בֶד הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֗י וְגֶ֙שֶׁם֙ הָֽעַרְבִ֔י וַיַּלְעִ֣גוּ לָ֔נוּ וַיִּבְז֖וּ עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים הַעַ֥ל הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַתֶּ֥ם מֹרְדִֽים׃
23 word entries
וַיִּשְׁמַע֩
הַחֹרֹנִ֜י
וְטֹבִיָּ֣ה
הָעֶ֣בֶד
הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֗י
וְגֶ֨שֶׁם֙
הָֽעַרְבִ֔י
וַיַּלְעִ֣גוּ
לָ֔נוּ
- Lemma
- l
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 4413
וַיִּבְז֖וּ
עָלֵ֑ינוּ
וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ
הַדָּבָ֤ר
הַזֶּה֙
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
עֹשִׂ֔ים
הַעַ֥ל
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܫ̣ܡܥ ܣܡܒܠܝܛ ܚܘܪܢܝܐ ܘܛܘܒܝܐ ܓܒܪܐ ܥܡܘܢܝܐ ܘܓܫܘܡ ܥܪܒܝܐ ܘܓܚܟܘ ܥܠܝܢ ܘܡܝܩܘ ܒܢ ܘܐܡܪܝܢ ܡܢܐ ܗܝ ܡܠܬܐ ܗܕܐ ܕܥܒܕܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܕܠܡܐ ܥܠ ܡܠܟܐ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܡܪܕܝܢ
24 word entries
ܘܫ̣ܡܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܡܥ
- Transliteration
- wshm'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 102
ܣܡܒܠܝܛ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܡܒܠܝܛ
- Transliteration
- smblyt
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 6
ܚܘܪܢܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܘܪܢܝܐ
- Transliteration
- hwrny'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܛܘܒܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܛܘܒܝܐ
- Transliteration
- wtwby'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 9
ܓܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- gbr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 622
ܥܡܘܢܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܡܘܢܝܐ
- Transliteration
- 'mwny'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 8
ܘܓܫܘܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܓܫܘܡ
- Transliteration
- wgshwm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܥܪܒܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܪܒܝܐ
- Transliteration
- 'rby'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 12
ܘܓܚܟܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܓܚܟܘ
- Transliteration
- wghkw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܥܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'lyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 130
ܘܡܝܩܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܝܩܘ
- Transliteration
- wmyqw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܢ
- Transliteration
- bn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 27
ܘܐܡܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܡܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- w'mryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 135
ܡܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 299
ܗܝ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܝ
- Transliteration
- hi
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, feminine singular
- Gloss
- she, it, is
- Occurrences
- 578
ܡܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- meltha
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- word, matter
- Occurrences
- 116
ܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- hd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 446
ܕܥܒܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܒܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- d'bdyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 30
ܐܢܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'ntwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 350
ܕܠܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܡܐ
- Transliteration
- dlm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 132
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3346
ܡܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 1870
ܐܢܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'ntwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 350
ܡܪܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܪܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mrdyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 3
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Audierunt autem Sanaballat Horonites, et Tobias servus Ammanites, et Gosem Arabs, et subsannaverunt nos, et despexerunt, dixeruntque: Quæ est hæc res quam facitis? numquid contra regem vos rebellatis?
29 word entries
audierunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audierunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
Sanaballat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Sanaballa
- Transliteration
- Sanaballat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4
Horonites
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Horonites
- Transliteration
- Horonites
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 3
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Tobias
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Tobias
- Transliteration
- Tobias
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 57
servus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- seruus
- Transliteration
- servus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 846
ammanites
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ammanites
- Transliteration
- ammanites
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Gosem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Goses
- Transliteration
- Gosem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 6
Arabs
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Arabs
- Transliteration
- Arabs
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 4
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
subsannaverunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- subsanno
- Transliteration
- subsannaverunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 14
nos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nos
- Transliteration
- nos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1585
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
despexerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- despicio
- Transliteration
- despexerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 68
dixeruntque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dixeruntque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
{dixeruntque}
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- que
- Transliteration
- {dixeruntque}
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4392
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
haec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- haec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
res
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- res
- Transliteration
- res
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 207
quam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
facitis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- facitis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
numquid
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- numquid
- Transliteration
- numquid
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 408
contra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contra
- Transliteration
- contra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 895
regem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- regem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
vos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uos
- Transliteration
- vos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2958
rebellatis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rebello
- Transliteration
- rebellatis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 16
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate tradition
The current Greek Brenton source archive does not expose this as the same canonical book. Related Greek Esther/Ezra traditions are tracked under separate or alternate structures where available.
-
Targum Aramaic
not in current source set
No license-clean Targum panel is currently mapped for this book in the imported public-domain source set.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Nehemiah 6:6
in which was written, “It is reported among the nations, and Gashmu says it, that you and the Jews intend to rebel. Because of that, you are building the wall. You would be their king, according to these words.
9 relevance votesPsalms 80:6
You make us a source of contention to our neighbors. Our enemies laugh among themselves.
3 relevance votesMark 5:40
They ridiculed him. But he, having put them all out, took the father of the child, her mother, and those who were with him, and went in where the child was lying.
3 relevance votesJohn 19:12
At this, Pilate was seeking to release him, but the Judeans cried out, saying, “If you release this man, you aren’t Caesar’s friend! Everyone who makes himself a king speaks against Caesar!”
2 relevance votesActs 24:5
For we have found this man to be a plague, an instigator of insurrections among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes.
2 relevance votesNehemiah 4:1
But when Sanballat heard that we were building the wall, he was angry, and was very indignant, and mocked the Jews.
2 relevance votesJob 30:1
“But now those who are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I considered unworthy to put with my sheep dogs.
2 relevance votesLuke 23:2
They began to accuse him, saying, “We found this man perverting the nation, forbidding paying taxes to Caesar, and saying that he himself is Messiah, a king.”
2 relevance votesJeremiah 20:8
For as often as I speak, I cry out; I cry, “Violence and destruction!” because the LORD’s word has been made a reproach to me, and a derision, all day.
2 relevance votesNehemiah 6:9
For they all would have made us afraid, saying, “Their hands will be weakened from the work, that it not be done.” But now, strengthen my hands.
2 relevance votesHebrews 11:36
Others were tried by mocking and scourging, yes, moreover by bonds and imprisonment.
2 relevance votesNehemiah 2:10
When Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite servant heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly, because a man had come to seek the welfare of the children of Israel.
2 relevance votes