12 At this, Pilate was seeking to release him, but the Judeans cried out, saying, “If you release this man, you aren’t Caesar’s friend! Everyone who makes himself a king speaks against Caesar!”
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to John 19:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἐκ τούτου ἐζήτει ὁ Πιλάτος ἀπολῦσαι αὐτόν. Οἱ δὲ Ἰουδαῖοι ἔκραζον λέγοντες, Ἐὰν τοῦτον ἀπολύσῃς, οὐκ εἶ φίλος τοῦ Καίσαρος· πᾶς ὁ βασιλέα αὐτὸν ποιῶν, ἀντιλέγει τῷ Καίσαρι.
Ἐκ
τούτου
ἐζήτει
ὁ
Πιλάτος
ἀπολῦσαι
αὐτόν
Οἱ
δὲ
Ἰουδαῖοι
ἔκραζον
λέγοντες
Ἐὰν
τοῦτον
ἀπολύσῃς
οὐκ
εἶ
φίλος
τοῦ
Καίσαρος
πᾶς
ὁ
βασιλέα
αὐτὸν
ποιῶν
ἀντιλέγει
τῷ
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἐκ τούτου ὁ Πειλᾶτος ἐζήτει ἀπολῦσαι αὐτόν· οἱ δὲ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐκραύγαζον λέγοντες· ἐὰν τοῦτον ἀπολύσῃς, οὐκ εἶ φίλος τοῦ Καίσαρος· πᾶς ὁ βασιλέα ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν ἀντιλέγει τῷ Καίσαρι.
ὁ
οἱ
εἶ
τοῦ
ὁ
ποιῶν
τῷ
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܨܒܐ ܗܘܐ ܦܝܠܛܘܣ ܕܢܫܪܝܘܗܝ ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܕܝܢ ܩܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܕܐܢ ܠܗܢܐ ܫܪܐ ܐܢܬ ܠܐ ܗܘܝܬ ܪܚܡܗ ܕܩܣܪ ܟܠ ܡܢ ܓܝܪ ܕܢܦܫܗ ܡܠܟܐ ܥܒܕ ܣܩܘܒܠܐ ܗܘ ܕܩܣܪ
ܘܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- wmtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 45
ܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- hd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 325
ܨܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܨܒܐ
- Transliteration
- sb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 99
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܦܝܠܛܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܝܠܛܘܣ
- Transliteration
- pyltws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 53
ܕܢܫܪܝܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܫܪܝܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- dnshrywhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Transliteration
- yhwdy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 124
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܩܥܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܥܝܢ
- Transliteration
- q'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 11
ܗܘܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܘ
- Transliteration
- hww
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 815
ܕܐܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܢ
- Transliteration
- d'n
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 83
ܠܗܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܢܐ
- Transliteration
- lhn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 42
ܫܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܪܐ
- Transliteration
- shr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 26
ܐܢܬ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬ
- Transliteration
- ant
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, second singular
- Gloss
- you
- Occurrences
- 491
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1681
ܗܘܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝܬ
- Transliteration
- hwyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 162
ܪܚܡܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܚܡܗ
- Transliteration
- rhmh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܩܣܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܩܣܪ
- Transliteration
- dqsr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 14
ܟܠ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܟܠ
- Transliteration
- kul
- Morphology
- quantifier/adjective
- Gloss
- all, every
- Occurrences
- 280
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܓܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܝܪ
- Transliteration
- gyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1085
ܕܢܦܫܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܦܫܗ
- Transliteration
- dnpshh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 15
ܡܠܟܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܟܐ
- Transliteration
- malka
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- king
- Occurrences
- 84
ܥܒܕ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܕ
- Transliteration
- abad
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- made, did, served
- Occurrences
- 146
ܣܩܘܒܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܩܘܒܠܐ
- Transliteration
- sqwbl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܕܩܣܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܩܣܪ
- Transliteration
- dqsr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 14
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et exinde quærebat Pilatus dimittere eum. Judæi autem clamabant dicentes: Si hunc dimittis, non es amicus Cæsaris. Omnis enim qui se regem facit, contradicit Cæsari.
exinde
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- exinde
- Transliteration
- exinde
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 9
quaerebat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quaero
- Transliteration
- quaerebat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 420
Pilatus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Pilatus
- Transliteration
- Pilatus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 55
dimittere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dimitto
- Transliteration
- dimittere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 425
eum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
Iudaei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iudaei
- Transliteration
- Iudaei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 362
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
clamabant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- clamo
- Transliteration
- clamabant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 305
dicentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dicentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
si
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- si
- Transliteration
- si
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1970
hunc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hunc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
dimittis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dimitto
- Transliteration
- dimittis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 425
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
es
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- es
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
amicus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- amicus
- Transliteration
- amicus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 220
Caesaris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Caesar
- Transliteration
- Caesaris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 29
omnis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
se
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sui
- Transliteration
- se
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1317
regem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rex
- Transliteration
- regem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2981
facit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- facit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
contradicit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contradico
- Transliteration
- contradicit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 37
Caesari
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Caesar
- Transliteration
- Caesari
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 29