3 knowing this first, that in the last days mockers will come, walking after their own lusts
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Peter 3:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
64
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες, ὅτι ἐλεύσονται ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐμπαῖκται, κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας αὐτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι,
16 word entries
τοῦτο
πρῶτον
γινώσκοντες
- Lemma
- ginwskontev
- Transliteration
- ginwskontev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1097
- Occurrences
- 6
ὅτι
ἐλεύσονται
- Lemma
- eleusontai
- Transliteration
- eleusontai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb future middle deponent indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2064
- Occurrences
- 10
ἐπ᾿
ἐσχάτου
τῶν
ἡμερῶν
ἐμπαῖκται
κατὰ
τὰς
ἰδίας
αὐτῶν
ἐπιθυμίας
πορευόμενοι
- Lemma
- poreuomenoi
- Transliteration
- poreuomenoi
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4198
- Occurrences
- 7
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες, ὅτι ἐλεύσονται ἐπ’ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐν ἐμπαιγμονῇ ἐμπαῖκται κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας αὐτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι
18 word entries
τῶν
ἐν
τὰς
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܟܕ ܗܕܐ ܠܘܩܕܡ ܝܕܥܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܕܢܐܬܘܢ ܒܚܪܬܐ ܕܝܘܡܬܐ ܡܒܙܚܢܐ ܕܡܒܙܚܝܢ ܟܕ ܐܝܟ ܪܓܝܓܬܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ ܡܗܠܟܝܢ
15 word entries
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- hd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 325
ܠܘܩܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܩܕܡ
- Transliteration
- lwqdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 54
ܝܕܥܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܕܥܝܢ
- Transliteration
- yd'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 122
ܐܢܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'ntwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 780
ܕܢܐܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܐܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dn'twn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 11
ܒܚܪܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܚܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bhrt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܕܝܘܡܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܘܡܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dywmt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܡܒܙܚܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܒܙܚܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mbzhn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܡܒܙܚܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܒܙܚܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dmbzhyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 681
ܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Transliteration
- rgygt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܕܝܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dylhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܡܗܠܟܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܗܠܟܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mhlkyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 22
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Hoc primum scientes, quod venient in novissimis diebus in deceptione illusores, juxta proprias concupiscentias ambulantes,
15 word entries
hoc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hoc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
primum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- primum
- Transliteration
- primum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 77
scientes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scio
- Transliteration
- scientes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 693
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quod
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1241
venient
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uenio
- Transliteration
- venient
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2233
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
novissimis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nouus
- Transliteration
- novissimis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 312
diebus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dies
- Transliteration
- diebus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2559
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
deceptione
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deceptio
- Transliteration
- deceptione
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 6
inlusores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- illusor
- Transliteration
- inlusores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 9
iuxta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iuxta
- Transliteration
- iuxta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 593
proprias
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- proprius
- Transliteration
- proprias
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 39
concupiscentias
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- concupiscentia
- Transliteration
- concupiscentias
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
ambulantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ambulo
- Transliteration
- ambulantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 412
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Jude 1:18
They said to you, “In the last time there will be mockers, walking after their own ungodly lusts.”
17 relevance votes2 Peter 2:10
but chiefly those who walk after the flesh in the lust of defilement and despise authority. Daring, self-willed, they are not afraid to speak evil of dignitaries,
9 relevance votesJude 1:16
These are murmurers and complainers, walking after their lusts—and their mouth speaks proud things—showing respect of persons to gain advantage.
7 relevance votes2 Corinthians 4:2
But we have renounced the hidden things of shame, not walking in craftiness nor handling the word of God deceitfully, but by the manifestation of the truth commending ourselves to every man’s conscience in the sight of God.
7 relevance votes2 Peter 1:20
knowing this first, that no prophecy of Scripture is of private interpretation.
5 relevance votesProverbs 1:22
“How long, you simple ones, will you love simplicity? How long will mockers delight themselves in mockery, and fools hate knowledge?
4 relevance votes2 Timothy 3:1
But know this: that in the last days, grievous times will come.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 5:19
who say, “Let him make haste, let him hasten his work, that we may see it; let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw near and come, that we may know it!”
3 relevance votesProverbs 14:6
A scoffer seeks wisdom, and doesn’t find it, but knowledge comes easily to a discerning person.
3 relevance votesProverbs 3:34
Surely he mocks the mockers, but he gives grace to the humble.
3 relevance votes1 John 2:18
Little children, these are the end times, and as you heard that the Anti-messiah is coming, even now many anti-messiahs have arisen. By this we know that it is the final hour.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 29:20
For the ruthless is brought to nothing, and the scoffer ceases, and all those who are alert to do evil are cut off—
2 relevance votes