2 Chronicles
Chapter 21
Verse 16
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World Messianic Bible

2 Chronicles 21

World Messianic Bible, Verse 16

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16 The LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who are beside the Ethiopians;

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Chronicles 21:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 66
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיָּ֨עַר יְהוָ֜ה עַל־יְהוֹרָ֗ם אֵ֣ת ר֤וּחַ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ וְהָ֣עַרְבִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־יַ֥ד כּוּשִֽׁים׃

12 word entries
וַיָּ֨עַר
Lemma
c/5782
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H5782
Occurrences
9
יְהוָ֜ה
Lemma
3068
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3068
Occurrences
5701
עַל
Lemma
5921 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5921
Occurrences
4903
יְהוֹרָ֗ם
Lemma
3088
Morphology
Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3088
Occurrences
24
אֵ֣ת
Lemma
853
Morphology
Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H853
Occurrences
8730
ר֤וּחַ
Lemma
7307
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H7307
Occurrences
271
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙
Lemma
d/6430
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun gentilic masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H6430
Occurrences
42
וְהָ֣עַרְבִ֔ים
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + particle definite article + noun gentilic masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H6163
Occurrences
2
אֲשֶׁ֖ר
Lemma
834 a
Morphology
Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H834
Occurrences
4808
עַל
Lemma
5921 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5921
Occurrences
4903
יַ֥ד
Lemma
3027
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3027
Occurrences
747
כּוּשִֽׁים
Lemma
3569
Morphology
Hebrew: noun gentilic masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3569
Occurrences
5
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐπήγειρε Κύριος ἐπὶ Ἰωρὰμ τοὺς ἀλλοφύλους, καὶ τοὺς Ἄραβας, καὶ τοὺς ὁμόρους τῶν Αἰθιόπων.

15 word entries
Καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐπήγειρε
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
epegeire
Morphology
vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss
form requires context
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
Κύριος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
kyrios
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
Lord, master
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences
7934
ἐπὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐπί
Transliteration
epi
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences
6685
Ἰωρὰμ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Ioram
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
Joram
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Joram/Jehoram, biblical personal name.
Occurrences
51
τοὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἀλλοφύλους
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
allophyloys
Morphology
accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
29
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
τοὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Ἄραβας
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
arabas
Morphology
accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
6
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
τοὺς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ὁμόρους
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
omoroys
Morphology
nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
τῶν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Αἰθιόπων
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
aithiopon
Morphology
Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss
of ... / being ...
Part of Speech
participle/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
11
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܢܥܝܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܥܠ ܝܘܪܡ ܪܘܚܐ ܕܦܠܫ̈ܬܝܐ ܘܕܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ ܕܫܪܝܢ ܒܝܬ ܗܢܕܘ̈ܝܐ

10 word entries
ܘܢܥܝܪ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wn'yr
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
2
ܡܪܝܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
maryah
Morphology
divine title, emphatic form
Gloss
Lord
Occurrences
2917
ܥܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܥܠ
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
3346
ܝܘܪܡ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
ywrm
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
24
ܪܘܚܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
ruha
Morphology
noun, feminine emphatic singular
Gloss
spirit, wind
Occurrences
147
ܕܦܠܫ̈ܬܝܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dplshty'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
88
ܘܕܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wd'rby'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
2
ܕܫܪܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dshryn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
15
ܒܝܬ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܒܝܬ
Transliteration
beth
Morphology
noun, construct form
Gloss
house of
Occurrences
480
ܗܢܕܘ̈ܝܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
hndwy'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
5
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְתָרֵי (ס"א וְגָרֵי) מֵימְרָא דַייָ עַל יְהוֹרָם יַת רוּחָא דִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וַעֲרָבָאֵי דִי עַל תְּחוּמֵי אַפְרִיקָאֵי׃

16 word entries
וְתָרֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
תרי
Transliteration
wtry
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
57
ס
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ס
Transliteration
s
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
405
א
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
א
Transliteration
'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
468
וְגָרֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
גרי
Transliteration
wgry
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
14
מֵימְרָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
mymr'
Morphology
prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine emphatic
Gloss
from word, command, utterance
Occurrences
357
דַייָ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דיי
Transliteration
dyy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1761
עַל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
על
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences
3568
יְהוֹרָם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
yhwrm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
29
יַת
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
ית
Transliteration
yt
Morphology
accusative/direct object marker
Gloss
direct object marker
Occurrences
4303
רוּחָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
rwch'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
101
דִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
dplsht'y
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
256
וַעֲרָבָאֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
w'rb'y
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
17
דִי
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
די
Transliteration
dy
Morphology
relative/genitive particle
Gloss
of, that, which
Occurrences
1711
עַל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
על
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences
3568
תְּחוּמֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tchwmy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
8
אַפְרִיקָאֵי׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
'pryq'y
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
2
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Suscitavit ergo Dominus contra Joram spiritum Philisthinorum, et Arabum qui confines sunt Æthiopibus:

13 word entries
suscitavit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
suscito
Transliteration
suscitavit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
163
ergo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ergo
Transliteration
ergo
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
1237
Dominus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dominus
Transliteration
Dominus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
8181
contra
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
contra
Transliteration
contra
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
895
Ioram
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Ioram
Transliteration
Ioram
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
51
spiritum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
spiritum
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
709
Philisthinorum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
Philisthinorum
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
2
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
Arabum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Arabes
Transliteration
Arabum
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
12
qui
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
qui
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
confines
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
confines
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
5
sunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
sunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
Aethiopibus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
Aethiopibus
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
10

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

2 Chronicles 17:11

Some of the Philistines brought Jehoshaphat presents and silver for tribute. The Arabians also brought him flocks: seven thousand seven hundred rams and seven thousand seven hundred male goats.

5 relevance votes

2 Chronicles 22:1

The inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah his youngest son king in his place, because the band of men who came with the Arabians to the camp had slain all the oldest. So Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah reigned.

3 relevance votes

1 Kings 11:23

God raised up an adversary to him, Rezon the son of Eliada, who had fled from his lord, Hadadezer king of Zobah.

3 relevance votes

2 Chronicles 33:11

Therefore the LORD brought on them the captains of the army of the king of Assyria, who took Manasseh in chains, bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon.

3 relevance votes

1 Kings 11:14

The LORD raised up an adversary to Solomon: Hadad the Edomite. He was one of the king’s offspring in Edom.

3 relevance votes

Ezra 1:5

Then the heads of fathers’ households of Judah and Benjamin, the priests and the Levites, all whose spirit God had stirred to go up, rose up to build the LORD’s house which is in Jerusalem.

2 relevance votes

1 Kings 11:11

Therefore the LORD said to Solomon, “Because this is done by you, and you have not kept my covenant and my statutes, which I have commanded you, I will surely tear the kingdom from you, and will give it to your servant.

2 relevance votes

2 Samuel 24:1

Again the LORD’s anger burned against Israel, and he moved David against them, saying, “Go, count Israel and Judah.”

2 relevance votes

Amos 3:6

Does the shofar alarm sound in a city, without the people being afraid? Does evil happen to a city, and the LORD hasn’t done it?

2 relevance votes

2 Chronicles 26:7

God helped him against the Philistines, and against the Arabians who lived in Gur Baal, and the Meunim.

2 relevance votes

1 Samuel 26:19

Now therefore, please let my lord the king hear the words of his servant. If it is so that the LORD has stirred you up against me, let him accept an offering. But if it is the children of men, they are cursed before the LORD; for they have driven me out today that I shouldn’t cling to the LORD’s inheritance, saying, ‘Go, serve other gods!’

2 relevance votes

Ezra 1:1

Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the LORD’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,

2 relevance votes
Chapter 21 of 36 Verse 16 of 20