Ruth 4

Webster's Bible, Verse 2

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² And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye down here. And they sat down.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ruth 4:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 57

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיִּקַּ֞ח עֲשָׂרָ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֛ים מִזִּקְנֵ֥י הָעִ֖יר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁבוּ־פֹ֑ה וַיֵּשֵֽׁבוּ׃

9 word entries

וַיִּקַּ֞ח

Lemma: c/3947
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3947
Occurrences: 500

עֲשָׂרָ֧ה

Lemma: 6235
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H6235
Occurrences: 141

אֲנָשִׁ֛ים

Lemma: 376
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 1458

מִזִּקְנֵ֥י

Lemma: m/2205
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2205
Occurrences: 12

הָעִ֖יר

Lemma: d/5892 b
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5892
Occurrences: 390

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר

Lemma: c/559
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 3026

שְׁבוּ

Lemma: 3427
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3427
Occurrences: 600

פֹ֑ה

Lemma: 6311
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech: adverb
Strong's: H6311
Occurrences: 45

וַיֵּשֵֽׁבוּ

Lemma: c/3427
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3427
Occurrences: 324

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἔλαβε Βοὸζ δέκα ἄνδρας ἀπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τῆς πόλεως, καὶ εἶπε, καθίσατε ὧδε· καὶ ἐκάθισαν.

16 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἔλαβε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαμβάνω
Transliteration: elabe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it took, received
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To take, receive, or obtain.
Occurrences: 894

Βοὸζ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Βοὸζ
Transliteration: booz
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Βοὸζ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

δέκα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέκα
Transliteration: deka
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable
Gloss: ten
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral ten.
Occurrences: 187

ἄνδρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andras
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: men
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

ἀπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: apo
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πρεσβυτέρων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πρεσβύτερος
Transliteration: presbyteron
Morphology: comparative adjective/substantive, masculine genitive plural
Gloss: of elders
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Elder, older person, or community leader.
Occurrences: 153

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πόλεως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πόλις
Transliteration: polis
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: city
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: City or town.
Occurrences: 1387

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

εἶπε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: eipe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it said
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

καθίσατε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καθίσατε
Transliteration: kathisate
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

ὧδε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὧδε
Transliteration: hode
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: here, thus
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Here or thus.
Occurrences: 81

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐκάθισαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καθίζω
Transliteration: ekathisan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they sat, set
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To sit, seat, set, or appoint.
Occurrences: 90

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܓ̣ܒܐ ܠܗ ܥܣܪ̈ܐ ܓܒܪ̈ܝܢ ܡܢ ܣ̈ܒܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ̣. ܘܐܘܬܒ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܘܬܗ

10 word entries

ܘܓ̣ܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܓܒܐ
Transliteration: wgb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 18

ܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܥܣܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܣܪܐ
Transliteration: 'sr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 68

ܓܒܪ̈ܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܒܪܝܢ
Transliteration: gbryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 132

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܣ̈ܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܒܐ
Transliteration: sb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 62

ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ
Transliteration: dmdynt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 62

ܘܐܘܬܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܘܬܒ
Transliteration: w'wtb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 14

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܠܘܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܘܬܗ
Transliteration: lwth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 165

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּדְבַר עֲשַׂרְתֵּי גוּבְרִין מִסָּבֵי קַרְתָּא וַאֲמַר תִּיבוּ הָכָא וִיתִיבוּ׃

9 word entries

וּדְבַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: דבר
Transliteration: wdbr
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root דבר
Gloss: and led, took, brought
Occurrences: 132

עֲשַׂרְתֵּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עשרתי
Transliteration: 'shrty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 19

גוּבְרִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גוברין
Transliteration: gwbryn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 39

מִסָּבֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סבי
Transliteration: msby
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 61

קַרְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרתא
Transliteration: qrt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 512

וַאֲמַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: w'mr
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss: and said, spoke
Occurrences: 3728

תִּיבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תיבו
Transliteration: tybw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

הָכָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הכא
Transliteration: hk'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 39

וִיתִיבוּ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתיבו
Transliteration: wytybw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 59

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Tollens autem Booz decem viros de senioribus civitatis, dixit ad eos: Sedete hic.

13 word entries

tollens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tollo
Transliteration: tollens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 348

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

Booz

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Booz
Transliteration: Booz
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 23

decem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: decem
Transliteration: decem
Morphology: GreLa POS: numeral
Occurrences: 241

viros

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uir
Transliteration: viros
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1641

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

senioribus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: senex
Transliteration: senioribus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 231

civitatis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ciuitas
Transliteration: civitatis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1108

dixit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dixit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

sedete

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sedeo
Transliteration: sedete
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 422

hic

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: hic
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Ranked cross references

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