12 The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armor of light.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 13:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
64
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἡ νὺξ προέκοψεν, ἡ δὲ ἡμέρα ἤγγικεν· ἀποθώμεθα οὖν τὰ ἔργα τοῦ σκότους, καὶ ἐνδυσώμεθα τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός.
19 word entries
Ἡ
νὺξ
προέκοψεν
ἡ
δὲ
ἡμέρα
ἤγγικεν
ἀποθώμεθα
οὖν
τὰ
ἔργα
τοῦ
σκότους
καὶ
ἐνδυσώμεθα
- Lemma
- enduswmeqa
- Transliteration
- enduswmeqa
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist middle subjunctive plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1746
- Occurrences
- 1
τὰ
ὅπλα
τοῦ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἡ νὺξ προέκοψεν, ἡ δὲ ἡμέρα ἤγγικεν. ἀποθώμεθα οὖν τὰ ἔργα τοῦ σκότους, ἐνδυσώμεθα δὲ τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός.
19 word entries
ἡ
ἡ
τὰ
τοῦ
τὰ
τοῦ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܠܠܝܐ ܡܟܝܠ ܥܒܪ ܘܐܝܡܡܐ ܩܪܒ ܢܢܝܚ ܡܢܢ ܗܟܝܠ ܥܒܕܐ ܕܚܫܘܟܐ ܘܢܠܒܫ ܙܝܢܗ ܕܢܘܗܪܐ
13 word entries
ܠܠܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܠܝܐ
- Transliteration
- lly'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 17
ܡܟܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܟܝܠ
- Transliteration
- mkyl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 50
ܥܒܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܪ
- Transliteration
- 'br
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 30
ܘܐܝܡܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܝܡܡܐ
- Transliteration
- w'ymm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܩܪܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܪܒ
- Transliteration
- qrb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 45
ܢܢܝܚ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܢܝܚ
- Transliteration
- nnyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܢܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢܢ
- Transliteration
- mnn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 29
ܗܟܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܟܝܠ
- Transliteration
- hkyl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 250
ܥܒܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܕܐ
- Transliteration
- 'bd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 132
ܕܚܫܘܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܫܘܟܐ
- Transliteration
- dhshwk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܘܢܠܒܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܠܒܫ
- Transliteration
- wnlbsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܙܝܢܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܝܢܗ
- Transliteration
- zynh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܢܘܗܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܘܗܪܐ
- Transliteration
- dnwhr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 7
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Nox præcessit, dies autem appropinquavit. Abjiciamus ergo opera tenebrarum, et induamur arma lucis.
13 word entries
nox
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nox
- Transliteration
- nox
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 345
praecessit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praecedo
- Transliteration
- praecessit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 68
dies
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dies
- Transliteration
- dies
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2559
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
adpropiavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- approprio
- Transliteration
- adpropiavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 18
abiciamus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- abicio
- Transliteration
- abiciamus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 56
ergo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ergo
- Transliteration
- ergo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1237
opera
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- opus
- Transliteration
- opera
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 656
tenebrarum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tenebrae
- Transliteration
- tenebrarum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 162
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
induamur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- induo
- Transliteration
- induamur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 124
arma
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- arma
- Transliteration
- arma
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 86
lucis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lux
- Transliteration
- lucis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 154
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Ephesians 5:11
And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them .
29 relevance votes2 Corinthians 6:7
By the word of truth, by the power of God, by the armor of righteousness on the right hand and on the left,
23 relevance votesJames 1:21
Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the ingrafted word, which is able to save your souls.
20 relevance votesRomans 13:14
But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make not provision for the lusts of flesh.
17 relevance votesEphesians 4:22
That ye put off concerning the former manner of life the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts:
17 relevance votesIsaiah 30:22
Ye shall defile also the covering of thy graven images of silver, and the ornament of thy molten images of gold: thou shalt cast them away as a polluted cloth; thou shalt say to it, Be gone from me.
16 relevance votes1 Peter 2:1
Wherefore, laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil-speakings,
11 relevance votesSong of Solomon 2:17
Until the day shall break, and the shadows flee away, turn, my beloved, and be thou like a roe or a young hart upon the mountains of Bether.
10 relevance votesRevelation 1:3
Blessed is he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein: for the time is at hand.
9 relevance votesIsaiah 2:20
In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made each one for himself to worship, to the moles and to the bats;
8 relevance votesRevelation 22:10
And he saith to me, Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book: for the time is at hand.
7 relevance votes