4 A high look, and a proud heart, and the plowing of the wicked, is sin.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 21:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
37
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
רוּם־עֵ֭ינַיִם וּרְחַב־לֵ֑ב נִ֖ר רְשָׁעִ֣ים חַטָּֽאת׃
7 word entries
רוּם
עֵ֭ינַיִם
וּרְחַב
לֵ֑ב
נִ֖ר
רְשָׁעִ֣ים
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Μεγαλόφρων ἐν ὕβρει θρασυκάρδιος, λαμπτὴρ δὲ ἀσεβῶν ἁμαρτία.
8 word entries
Μεγαλόφρων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- μεγαλόφρων
- Transliteration
- megalophron
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
ὕβρει
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ὕβρει
- Transliteration
- ybrei
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
θρασυκάρδιος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- θρασυκάρδιος
- Transliteration
- thrasykardios
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
λαμπτὴρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- λαμπτὴρ
- Transliteration
- lampter
- Morphology
- nominative masculine/feminine kinship noun pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
ἀσεβῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀσεβής
- Transliteration
- asebon
- Morphology
- adjective/substantive, genitive plural
- Gloss
- of the ungodly
- Part of Speech
- adjective/substantive
- Definition
- Ungodly, impious, wicked.
- Occurrences
- 143
ἁμαρτία
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἁμαρτία
- Transliteration
- hamartia
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- sin
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Sin, error, or wrongdoing.
- Occurrences
- 450
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܪܘܡܐ ܕܥܝ̈ܢܐ ܘܪܘܚܬܐ ܕܠܒܐ ܘܫܪܓܐ ܕܥܘ̈ܠܐ ܚܛܝܬܐ
7 word entries
ܪܘܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܡܐ
- Transliteration
- rwm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 14
ܕܥܝ̈ܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- d'yn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܘܪܘܚܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܪܘܚܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wrwht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
ܕܠܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܒܐ
- Transliteration
- dlb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 13
ܘܫܪܓܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܪܓܐ
- Transliteration
- wshrg'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
ܕܥܘ̈ܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- d'wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 116
ܚܛܝܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܛܝܬܐ
- Transliteration
- htyt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 26
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
רָמוּת עַיְנֵי וּבְעֵי לִבָּא וּשְׁרָגָא דְרַשִׁיעֵי לְחֶטְאָה׃
7 word entries
רָמוּת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רמות
- Transliteration
- rmwt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 28
עַיְנֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עיני
- Transliteration
- 'yny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 157
וּבְעֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בעי
- Transliteration
- wb'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 52
לִבָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לבא
- Transliteration
- lb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 168
וּשְׁרָגָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שרגא
- Transliteration
- wshrg'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 10
דְרַשִׁיעֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רשיעי
- Transliteration
- drshy'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 98
לְחֶטְאָה׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חטאה
- Transliteration
- lcht'h
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 17
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Exaltatio oculorum est dilatatio cordis; lucerna impiorum peccatum.
8 word entries
exaltatio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- exaltatio
- Transliteration
- exaltatio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 6
oculorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- oculus
- Transliteration
- oculorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 682
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
dilatatio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dilatatio
- Transliteration
- dilatatio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
cordis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cor
- Transliteration
- cordis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1028
lucerna
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lucerna
- Transliteration
- lucerna
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 64
impiorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- impius
- Transliteration
- impiorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 267
peccatum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- peccatum
- Transliteration
- peccatum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 608
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
1 Peter 5:5
Likewise, ye younger, submit yourselves to the elder. Yes, all of you be subject one to another, and be clothed with humility: for God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble.
8 relevance votesProverbs 6:17
A proud look, a lying tongue, and hands that shed innocent blood.
8 relevance votesLuke 18:14
I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other: for every one that exalteth himself shall be abased; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted.
4 relevance votesProverbs 8:13
The fear of the LORD is to hate evil: pride, and arrogance, and the evil way, and the froward mouth, do I hate.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 2:17
And the loftiness of man shall be abased, and the haughtiness of men shall be made low: and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day.
4 relevance votesProverbs 21:27
The sacrifice of the wicked is abomination: how much more, when he bringeth it with a wicked mind?
3 relevance votesProverbs 15:8
The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination to the LORD: but the prayer of the upright is his delight.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 3:16
Moreover the LORD saith, Because the daughters of Zion are haughty, and walk with extended necks and wanton eyes, walking and mincing as they go, and making a tinkling with their feet:
2 relevance votesRomans 14:23
And he that doubteth is damned if he eateth, because he eateth not from faith: for whatever is not from faith is sin.
2 relevance votesPsalms 10:4
The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God : God is not in all his thoughts.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 2:11
The lofty looks of man shall be humbled, and the haughtiness of men shall be abased, and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day.
1 relevance votesProverbs 30:13
There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up.
1 relevance votes