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Webster's Bible

Numbers 20

Webster's Bible, Verse 21

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²¹ Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border: wherefore Israel turned away from him.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Numbers 20:21. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 66

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיְמָאֵ֣ן ׀ אֱד֗וֹם נְתֹן֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עֲבֹ֖ר בִּגְבֻל֑וֹ וַיֵּ֥ט יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵעָלָֽיו׃ פ

10 word entries

וַיְמָאֵ֣ן

Lemma: c/3985
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3985
Occurrences: 15

אֱד֗וֹם

Lemma: 123
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H123
Occurrences: 81

נְתֹן֙

Lemma: 5414
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5414
Occurrences: 1113

אֶת

Lemma: 853
Morphology: Hebrew: particle direct object marker
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H853
Occurrences: 8730

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל

Lemma: 3478
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3478
Occurrences: 2260

עֲבֹ֖ר

Lemma: 5674 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5674
Occurrences: 330

בִּגְבֻל֑וֹ

Lemma: b/1366
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1366
Occurrences: 14

וַיֵּ֥ט

Lemma: c/5186
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5186
Occurrences: 59

יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל

Lemma: 3478
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3478
Occurrences: 2260

מֵעָלָֽיו

Lemma: m/5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 300

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν Ἐδὼμ δοῦναι τῷ Ἰσραὴλ παρελθεῖν διὰ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐξέκλινεν Ἰσραὴλ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ.

17 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἠθέλησεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἠθέλησεν
Transliteration: ethelesen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 20

Ἐδὼμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐδὼμ
Transliteration: edom
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐδὼμ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 33

δοῦναι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δίδωμι
Transliteration: dounai
Morphology: aorist active infinitive
Gloss: to give
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To give.
Occurrences: 1384

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἰσραὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰσραήλ
Transliteration: Israel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Israel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences: 2695

παρελθεῖν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: παρελθεῖν
Transliteration: parelthein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

διὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διά
Transliteration: dia
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: through, because of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of διά.
Occurrences: 881

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὁρίων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅριον
Transliteration: horion
Morphology: noun, neuter genitive plural
Gloss: of borders, boundaries
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Boundary, border, or territory.
Occurrences: 227

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐξέκλινεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξέκλινεν
Transliteration: exeklinen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 23

Ἰσραὴλ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰσραήλ
Transliteration: Israel
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Israel
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences: 2695

ἀπʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: ap
Morphology: preposition with genitive, elided form
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

וְסָרֵיב אֱדוֹמָאָה לְמִשְׁבַּק יָת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֶעֱבַר בִּתְחוּמֵיהּ וּסְטָּא יִשְׂרָאֵל מִלְוָתֵיהּ

10 word entries

וְסָרֵיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סריב
Transliteration: wsryb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 10

אֱדוֹמָאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אדומאה
Transliteration: 'dwm'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

לְמִשְׁבַּק

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: משבק
Transliteration: lmshbq
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

יָת

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ית
Transliteration: yt
Morphology: accusative/direct object marker
Gloss: direct object marker
Occurrences: 2463

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 609

לְמֶעֱבַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מעבר
Transliteration: lm'br
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

בִּתְחוּמֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תחומיה
Transliteration: btchwmyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

וּסְטָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סטא
Transliteration: wst'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

יִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: yshr'l
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Israel
Occurrences: 609

מִלְוָתֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לותיה
Transliteration: mlwtyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܠܐ ܨܒܐ ܐܕܘܡ ܠܡܫܒܩ ܠܒ̈ܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܠܡܥܒܪ ܒܬܚܘܡܗ. ܘܣܛܐ ܠܗ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܡܢܗ.

12 word entries

ܘܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܐ
Transliteration: wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1993

ܨܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܒܐ
Transliteration: sb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 93

ܐܕܘܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܕܘܡ
Transliteration: 'dwm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 64

ܠܡܫܒܩ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܫܒܩ
Transliteration: lmshbq
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 13

ܠܒ̈ܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܢܝ
Transliteration: lbny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 121

ܐܝܣܪܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Transliteration: 'ysryl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 809

ܠܡܥܒܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܥܒܪ
Transliteration: lm'br
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 6

ܒܬܚܘܡܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܬܚܘܡܗ
Transliteration: bthwmh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 2

ܘܣܛܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܣܛܐ
Transliteration: wst'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 7

ܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܐܝܣܪܝܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Transliteration: 'ysryl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 809

ܡܢܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢܗ
Transliteration: mnh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 240

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

nec voluit acquiescere deprecanti, ut concederet transitum per fines suos. Quam ob rem divertit ab eo Israël.

17 word entries

nec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nec
Transliteration: nec
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 750

voluit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uolo
Transliteration: voluit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 538

adquiescere

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: acquiesco
Transliteration: adquiescere
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 49

deprecanti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deprecor
Transliteration: deprecanti
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 94

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ut
Transliteration: ut
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4533

concederet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: concedo
Transliteration: concederet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 27

transitum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: transitus
Transliteration: transitum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 19

per

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: per
Transliteration: per
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1915

fines

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: finis
Transliteration: fines
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 331

suos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

quam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quam
Transliteration: quam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 426

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ob
Transliteration: ob
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 89

rem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: res
Transliteration: rem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 207

devertit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deuerto
Transliteration: devertit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 17

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: ab
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eo
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Israhel

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Israel
Transliteration: Israhel
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2547

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Judges 11:18

Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab.

4 relevance votes

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Numbers 20

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Ranked cross references

Judges 11:18

Deuteronomy 2:29

Judges 11:24

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Deuteronomy 23:7