44 And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the land until the ninth hour.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Luke 23:44. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
61
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἦν δὲ ὡσεὶ ὥρα ἕκτη, καὶ σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ᾿ ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐννάτης.
15 word entries
Ἦν
δὲ
ὡσεὶ
ὥρα
ἕκτη
καὶ
σκότος
ἐγένετο
ἐφ᾿
ὅλην
τὴν
γῆν
ἕως
ὥρας
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Καὶ ἦν ἤδη ὡσεὶ ὥρα ἕκτη καὶ σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ’ ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης,
16 word entries
Καὶ
ἦν
καὶ
τὴν
γῆν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܝܬ ܗܘܝ ܕܝܢ ܐܝܟ ܫܥܐ ܫܬ ܘܗܘܐ ܚܫܘܟܐ ܥܠ ܟܠܗ ܐܪܥܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܬܫܥ ܫܥܝܢ
14 word entries
ܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- 'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 330
ܗܘܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܝ
- Transliteration
- hwy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 90
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 681
ܫܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܥܐ
- Transliteration
- sh''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 14
ܫܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܬ
- Transliteration
- sht
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- whw'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 75
ܚܫܘܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܫܘܟܐ
- Transliteration
- hshwk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 15
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܟܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܠܗ
- Transliteration
- klh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 171
ܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- ara
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 109
ܥܕܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܕܡܐ
- Transliteration
- 'dm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 196
ܠܬܫܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܬܫܥ
- Transliteration
- ltsh'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܫܥܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܥܝܢ
- Transliteration
- sh'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 20
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Erat autem fere hora sexta, et tenebræ factæ sunt in universam terram usque ad horam nonam.
16 word entries
erat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
fere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- fere
- Transliteration
- fere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 13
hora
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hora
- Transliteration
- hora
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 142
sexta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sextus
- Transliteration
- sexta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 49
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
tenebrae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tenebrae
- Transliteration
- tenebrae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 162
factae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- factae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
universa
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uniuersus
- Transliteration
- universa
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 889
terra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- terra
- Transliteration
- terra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground
- Etymology
- Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
- Occurrences
- 3087
usque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- usque
- Transliteration
- usque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 1221
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
nonam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nonus
- Transliteration
- nonam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 40
horam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hora
- Transliteration
- horam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 142
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Matthew 27:45
Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land to the ninth hour.
13 relevance votesAmos 8:9
And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord GOD, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the clear day:
10 relevance votesActs 2:20
The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before that great and notable day of the Lord come.
7 relevance votesMatthew 27:52
And the graves were opened, and many bodies of saints who slept, arose,
6 relevance votesJohn 19:14
And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith to the Jews, Behold your King!
6 relevance votesAmos 5:18
Woe to you that desire the day of the LORD! to what end is it for you? the day of the LORD is darkness, and not light.
4 relevance votesMark 15:39
And when the centurion who stood over against him, saw that he so cried out, and expired, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God.
4 relevance votesJoel 2:31
The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the LORD shall come.
3 relevance votesPsalms 105:28
He sent darkness, and made it dark; and they rebelled not against his word.
3 relevance votes