1 Remember, O LORD, what is come upon us: consider, and behold our reproach.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Lamentations 5:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
53
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
זְכֹ֤ר יְהוָה֙ מֶֽה־הָ֣יָה לָ֔נוּ הביט וּרְאֵ֥ה אֶת־חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּ׃
10 word entries
זְכֹ֤ר
הָ֣יָה
לָ֔נוּ
- Lemma
- l
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 4413
הביט
הַבִּ֖יטָה
וּרְאֵ֥ה
אֶת
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Μνήσθητι Κύριε, ὅ, τι ἐγενήθη ἡμῖν· ἐπίβλεψον, καὶ ἴδε τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν ἡμῶν.
12 word entries
Μνήσθητι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- μιμνῄσκομαι
- Transliteration
- mnestheti
- Morphology
- verb, aorist passive imperative, 2nd singular with middle sense
- Gloss
- remember
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To remember or call to mind.
- Occurrences
- 55
Κύριε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κύριος
- Transliteration
- kyrios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- Lord, master
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
- Occurrences
- 7934
ὅ
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
- Note
- Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
- Lemma
- ὅ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- article
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 71
τι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- τις
- Transliteration
- tis
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative singular
- Gloss
- someone, anyone, who?
- Part of Speech
- indefinite/interrogative pronoun
- Definition
- Indefinite or interrogative pronoun depending on accent/context.
- Occurrences
- 190
ἐγενήθη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γίνομαι
- Transliteration
- egenethe
- Morphology
- verb, aorist passive/deponent indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it became, happened
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
- Occurrences
- 1418
ἡμῖν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
ἐπίβλεψον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐπίβλεψον
- Transliteration
- epiblepson
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 20
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἴδε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁράω
- Transliteration
- ide
- Morphology
- aorist active imperative, 2nd singular used interjectionally
- Gloss
- behold, see
- Part of Speech
- verb/interjection
- Definition
- See, look, behold.
- Occurrences
- 768
τὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ὀνειδισμὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ὀνειδισμὸν
- Transliteration
- oneidismon
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ὀνειδισμὸν
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 37
ἡμῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐγώ
- Transliteration
- ego
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative first-person singular
- Gloss
- I
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- First-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 11445
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܬܕܟܪ ܡܪܝܐ̈ ܡܢܐ ܗܘ̣ܐ ܠܢ. ܚܘ̣ܪ ܘܚܙܝ ܚܣܕܢ
8 word entries
ܐܬܕܟܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܕܟܪ
- Transliteration
- 'tdkr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 43
ܡܪܝܐ̈
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- maryah
- Morphology
- divine title, emphatic form
- Gloss
- Lord
- Occurrences
- 2917
ܡܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 299
ܗܘ̣ܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1800
ܠܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܢ
- Transliteration
- ln
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 322
ܚܘ̣ܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܘܪ
- Transliteration
- hwr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 24
ܘܚܙܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܙܝ
- Transliteration
- whzy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 42
ܚܣܕܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܣܕܢ
- Transliteration
- hsdn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
הֲוֵי דְכִיר יְיָ מַה דְאִתְגָּזַר לְמֶהֱוֵי לָנָא אִסְתַּכֵּל מִן שְׁמַיָּא וַחֲזֵי יָת כְּסוּפָנָא׃
13 word entries
הֲוֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הוי
- Transliteration
- hwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 40
דְכִיר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- כיר
- Transliteration
- dkyr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 26
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 3908
מַה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מה
- Transliteration
- mh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 417
דְאִתְגָּזַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתגזר
- Transliteration
- d'tgzr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 19
לְמֶהֱוֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מהוי
- Transliteration
- lmhwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 206
לָנָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לנא
- Transliteration
- ln'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 197
אִסְתַּכֵּל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אסתכל
- Transliteration
- 'stkl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 25
מִן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
שְׁמַיָּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- שמיא
- Transliteration
- shmy'
- Morphology
- noun masculine plural emphatic
- Gloss
- heavens, sky
- Occurrences
- 368
וַחֲזֵי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- חזי
- Transliteration
- wchzy
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + verbal root חזי
- Gloss
- and saw, looked
- Occurrences
- 112
יָת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
כְּסוּפָנָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סופנא
- Transliteration
- kswpn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 4
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
[Recordare, Domine, quid acciderit nobis; intuere et respice opprobrium nostrum.
10 word entries
recordare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- recordor
- Transliteration
- recordare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 126
Domine
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Domine
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
quid
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quis
- Transliteration
- quid
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1619
acciderit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- accido
- Transliteration
- acciderit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 63
nobis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nos
- Transliteration
- nobis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1585
intuere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- intueor
- Transliteration
- intuere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 53
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
respice
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- respicio
- Transliteration
- respice
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 203
obprobrium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- opprobrium
- Transliteration
- obprobrium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 91
nostrum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- noster
- Transliteration
- nostrum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1263
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Lamentations 2:15
All that pass by, clap their hands at thee; they hiss and wag their head at the daughter of Jerusalem, saying , Is this the city that men call the Perfection of beauty, the Joy of the whole earth?
3 relevance votesNehemiah 4:4
Hear, O our God; for we are despised: and turn their reproach upon their own head, and give them for a prey in the land of captivity:
3 relevance votesPsalms 79:12
And render to our neighbors seven-fold into their bosom their reproach, with which they have reproached thee, O LORD.
3 relevance votesLamentations 3:61
Thou hast heard their reproach, O LORD, and all their imaginations against me;
3 relevance votesPsalms 79:4
We have become a reproach to our neighbors, a scorn and derision to them that are around us.
3 relevance votesHabakkuk 3:2
O LORD, I have heard thy speech, and was afraid: O LORD, revive thy work in the midst of the years, in the midst of the years make known; in wrath remember mercy.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 15:15
O LORD, thou knowest: remember me, and visit me, and avenge me of my persecutors; take me not away in thy long-suffering: know that for thy sake I have suffered rebuke.
3 relevance votesLamentations 3:19
Remembering my affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the gall.
3 relevance votesNehemiah 1:8
Remember, I beseech thee, the word that thou commandedst thy servant Moses, saying, If ye transgress, I will scatter you abroad among the nations:
2 relevance votesJob 10:9
Remember, I beseech thee, that thou hast made me as the clay; and wilt thou bring me into dust again?
2 relevance votesLamentations 2:20
Behold, O LORD, and consider to whom thou hast done this. Shall the women eat their fruit, children of a span long? shall the priest and the prophet be slain in the sanctuary of the LORD?
2 relevance votesNehemiah 1:3
And they said to me, The remnant that are left of the captivity there in the province are in great affliction and reproach: the wall of Jerusalem also is broken down, and its gates are burned with fire.
2 relevance votes