23 Sing, O ye heavens; for the LORD hath done it : shout, ye lower parts of the earth: break forth into singing, ye mountains, O forest, and every tree therein: for the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and glorified himself in Israel.
Jump to another chapter in Isaiah
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 44:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
121
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
רָנּ֨וּ שָׁמַ֜יִם כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה הָרִ֙יעוּ֙ תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹת אָ֔רֶץ פִּצְח֤וּ הָרִים֙ רִנָּ֔ה יַ֖עַר וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־גָאַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְפָּאָֽר׃ פ
21 word entries
רָנּ֨וּ
שָׁמַ֜יִם
כִּֽי
עָשָׂ֣ה
הָרִ֨יעוּ֙
תַּחְתִּיּ֣וֹת
אָ֔רֶץ
פִּצְח֤וּ
הָרִים֙
רִנָּ֔ה
יַ֖עַר
וְכָל
עֵ֣ץ
בּ֑וֹ
- Lemma
- b
- Morphology
- Hebrew: preposition + suffix
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Occurrences
- 1362
כִּֽי
גָאַ֤ל
וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Εὐφράνθητε οὐρανοὶ, ὅτι ἠλέησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν Ἰσραήλ· σαλπίσατε τὰ θεμέλια τῆς γῆς, βοήσατε ὄρη εὐφροσύνην, οἱ βουνοὶ καὶ πάντα τὰ ξύλα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς, ὅτι ἐλυτρώσατο ὁ Θεὸς τὸν Ἰακὼβ, καὶ Ἰσραὴλ δοξασθήσεται.
34 word entries
Εὐφράνθητε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- εὐφράνθητε
- Transliteration
- eyphranthete
- Morphology
- vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 7
οὐρανοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- οὐρανοὶ
- Transliteration
- oyranoi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 15
ὅτι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅτι
- Transliteration
- hoti
- Morphology
- subordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- that, because, for
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
- Occurrences
- 3703
ἠλέησεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἠλέησεν
- Transliteration
- eleesen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Θεὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- θεός
- Transliteration
- theos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- God, god
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity, or divine being.
- Strong's
- G2316
- Occurrences
- 3522
τὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Ἰσραήλ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ἰσραήλ
- Transliteration
- Israel
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Israel
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
- Occurrences
- 2695
σαλπίσατε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σαλπίσατε
- Transliteration
- salpisate
- Morphology
- vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
θεμέλια
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- θεμέλια
- Transliteration
- themelia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 30
τῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- ges
- Morphology
- noun, feminine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of earth, of land
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
βοήσατε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- βοήσατε
- Transliteration
- boesate
- Morphology
- vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
- Gloss
- form requires context
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 6
ὄρη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὄρος
- Transliteration
- oros
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- mountain
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Mountain or hill.
- Occurrences
- 607
εὐφροσύνην
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εὐφροσύνη
- Transliteration
- euphrosynen
- Morphology
- noun, feminine accusative singular
- Gloss
- gladness, joy
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Gladness, joy, or rejoicing.
- Occurrences
- 125
οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
βουνοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- βουνοὶ
- Transliteration
- boynoi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 16
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
πάντα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πᾶς
- Transliteration
- pas
- Morphology
- adjective, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- all, every
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- All, every, whole.
- Occurrences
- 6138
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ξύλα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ξύλον
- Transliteration
- xylon
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- wood, tree
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Wood, tree, timber, or wooden object.
- Occurrences
- 258
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
αὐτοῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
ὅτι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὅτι
- Transliteration
- hoti
- Morphology
- subordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- that, because, for
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
- Occurrences
- 3703
ἐλυτρώσατο
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐλυτρώσατο
- Transliteration
- elytrosato
- Morphology
- verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she was ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 11
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Θεὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- θεός
- Transliteration
- theos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- God, god
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity, or divine being.
- Strong's
- G2316
- Occurrences
- 3522
τὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Ἰακὼβ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ἰακώβ
- Transliteration
- Iakob
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Jacob
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Jacob.
- Occurrences
- 392
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Ἰσραὴλ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Ἰσραήλ
- Transliteration
- Israel
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Israel
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
- Occurrences
- 2695
δοξασθήσεται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- δοξασθήσεται
- Transliteration
- doxasthesetai
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it will ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܫܒܚܘ ܫܡܝܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܥܒܕ ܡܪܝܐ ܝܒ̈ܒܝܢ ܫܬܐ̈ܣܝܗ̇̈ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܐܬܦܨܚܘ ܛܘܪ̈ܐ ܒܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ ܘܥܒܐ ܘܟܠ ܐܝ̈ܠܢܐ ܕܒܗ ܕܦܪܩ ܡܪܝܐ ܠܝܥܩܘܒ ܘܒܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܐܫܬܒܚ
20 word entries
ܫܒܚܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܒܚܘ
- Transliteration
- shbhw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 40
ܫܡܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܝܐ
- Transliteration
- shmaya
- Morphology
- noun, plural/emphatic
- Gloss
- heavens, sky
- Occurrences
- 200
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܕܥܒܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܒܕ
- Transliteration
- d'bd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 246
ܡܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- maryah
- Morphology
- divine title, emphatic form
- Gloss
- Lord
- Occurrences
- 2917
ܝܒ̈ܒܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܒܒܝܢ
- Transliteration
- ybbyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܫܬܐ̈ܣܝܗ̇̈
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܬܐܣܝܗ
- Transliteration
- sht'syh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 19
ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- d'r''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 341
ܐܬܦܨܚܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܬܦܨܚܘ
- Transliteration
- 'tpshw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܛܘܪ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܛܘܪܐ
- Transliteration
- twr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 170
ܒܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ
- Transliteration
- btshbwht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 26
ܘܥܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܥܒܐ
- Transliteration
- w'b'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܟܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܠ
- Transliteration
- wkl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 225
ܐܝ̈ܠܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܠܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'yln'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 29
ܕܒܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܗ
- Transliteration
- dbh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 31
ܕܦܪܩ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܦܪܩ
- Transliteration
- dprq
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܡܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- maryah
- Morphology
- divine title, emphatic form
- Gloss
- Lord
- Occurrences
- 2917
ܠܝܥܩܘܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܝܥܩܘܒ
- Transliteration
- ly'qwb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 23
ܘܒܐܝܣܪܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܐܝܣܪܝܠ
- Transliteration
- wb'ysryl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܐܫܬܒܚ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܫܬܒܚ
- Transliteration
- 'shtbh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
שַׁבַּחוּ שְׁמַיָא אֲרֵי עֲבַד יְיָ פוּרְקַן לְעַמֵהּ יַבִּיבוּ יְסוֹדֵי אַרְעָא בּוּעוּ טוּרַיָא תּוּשְׁבַּחְתָּא חוּרְשָׁא וְכָל אִילָנַיָא דְבֵהּ אֲרֵי פְרַק יְיָ יַעֲקֹב וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל יִשְׁתַּבַּח׃
23 word entries
שַׁבַּחוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שבחו
- Transliteration
- shbchw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 85
שְׁמַיָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- שמיא
- Transliteration
- shmy'
- Morphology
- noun masculine plural emphatic
- Gloss
- heavens, sky
- Occurrences
- 368
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1969
עֲבַד
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- עבד
- Transliteration
- 'bd
- Morphology
- verbal or nominal root עבד
- Gloss
- made, did, served
- Occurrences
- 1208
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 3908
פוּרְקַן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פורקן
- Transliteration
- pwrqn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 38
לְעַמֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עמה
- Transliteration
- l'mh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 59
יַבִּיבוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יביבו
- Transliteration
- ybybw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 21
יְסוֹדֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יסודי
- Transliteration
- yswdy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
אַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- 'r''
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 1735
בּוּעוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ועו
- Transliteration
- bw'w
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
טוּרַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- טוריא
- Transliteration
- twry'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 123
תּוּשְׁבַּחְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תושבחתא
- Transliteration
- twshbcht'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 88
חוּרְשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חורשא
- Transliteration
- chwrsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 41
וְכָל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וכל
- Transliteration
- wkl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 550
אִילָנַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אילניא
- Transliteration
- 'ylny'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 16
דְבֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דבה
- Transliteration
- dbh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 15
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1969
פְרַק
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פרק
- Transliteration
- prq
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 23
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 3908
יַעֲקֹב
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יעקב
- Transliteration
- y'qb
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 169
וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בישראל
- Transliteration
- wbyshr'l
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
יִשְׁתַּבַּח׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ישתבח
- Transliteration
- yshtbch
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Laudate, cæli, quoniam misericordiam fecit Dominus; jubilate, extrema terræ; resonate, montes, laudationem, saltus et omne lignum ejus, quoniam redemit Dominus Jacob, et Israël gloriabitur.]
23 word entries
laudate
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- laudo
- Transliteration
- laudate
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 167
caeli
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- caelum
- Transliteration
- caeli
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- heaven
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- heaven, sky
- Etymology
- Latin noun for heaven or sky; often normalized as caelum.
- Occurrences
- 740
quoniam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quoniam
- Transliteration
- quoniam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1134
fecit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- fecit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
Dominus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Dominus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
iubilate
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iubilo
- Transliteration
- iubilate
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 15
extrema
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- exter
- Transliteration
- extrema
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 99
terrae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- terra
- Transliteration
- terrae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground
- Etymology
- Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
- Occurrences
- 3087
resonate
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- resono
- Transliteration
- resonate
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 9
montes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mons
- Transliteration
- montes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 644
laudationem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- laudatio
- Transliteration
- laudationem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 12
saltus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- saltus
- Transliteration
- saltus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 44
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
omne
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omne
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
lignum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lignum
- Transliteration
- lignum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 314
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
quoniam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quoniam
- Transliteration
- quoniam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1134
redemit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- redimo
- Transliteration
- redemit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 100
Dominus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dominus
- Transliteration
- Dominus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 8181
Iacob
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iacob
- Transliteration
- Iacob
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 364
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Israhel
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Israel
- Transliteration
- Israhel
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2547
gloriabitur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- glorior
- Transliteration
- gloriabitur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 96
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 69:34
Let the heaven and earth praise him, the seas, and every thing that moveth therein.
5 relevance votesJeremiah 51:48
Then the heaven and the earth, and all that is in them, shall sing for Babylon: for the spoilers shall come to her from the north, saith the LORD.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 49:3
And said to me, Thou art my servant, O Israel, in whom I will be glorified.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 49:13
Sing, O heavens, and be joyful, O earth; and break forth into singing, O mountains: for the LORD hath comforted his people, and will have mercy upon his afflicted.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 61:3
To appoint to them that mourn in Zion, to give to them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they may be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he may be glorified.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 36:1
Also thou son of man, prophesy to the mountains of Israel, and say, Ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the LORD:
2 relevance votesRevelation 12:12
Therefore rejoice, ye heavens, and ye that dwell in them. Woe to the inhabiters of the earth, and of the sea! for the devil is come down to you, having great wrath, because he knoweth that he hath but a short time.
2 relevance votesEphesians 3:21
To him be glory in the church by Christ Jesus throughout all ages, world without end. Amen.
2 relevance votesRevelation 18:20
Rejoice over her thou heaven, and ye holy apostles and prophets; for God hath avenged you on her.
2 relevance votesPsalms 148:7
Praise the LORD from the earth, ye dragons, and all deeps:
2 relevance votesIsaiah 26:15
Thou hast increased the nation, O LORD, thou hast increased the nation; thou art glorified: thou hadst removed it far to all the ends of the earth.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 36:8
But ye, O mountains of Israel, ye shall shoot forth your branches, and yield your fruit to my people of Israel; for they are at hand to come.
2 relevance votes