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Webster's Bible

Isaiah 31

Webster's Bible, Verse 5

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⁵ As birds flying, so will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem; defending also he will deliver it ; and passing over he will preserve it .

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 31:5. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 68

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כְּצִפֳּרִ֣ים עָפ֔וֹת כֵּ֗ן יָגֵ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת עַל־יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם גָּנ֥וֹן וְהִצִּ֖יל פָּסֹ֥חַ וְהִמְלִֽיט׃

12 word entries

כְּצִפֳּרִ֣ים

Lemma: k/6833
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6833
Occurrences: 8

עָפ֔וֹת

Lemma: 5774 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5774
Occurrences: 16

כֵּ֗ן

Lemma: 3651 c
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3651
Occurrences: 502

יָגֵ֛ן

Lemma: 1598
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1598
Occurrences: 4

יְהוָ֥ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

צְבָא֖וֹת

Lemma: 6635 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6635
Occurrences: 283

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם

Lemma: 3389
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3389
Occurrences: 350

גָּנ֥וֹן

Lemma: 1598
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal infinitive absolute
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1598
Occurrences: 4

וְהִצִּ֖יל

Lemma: c/5337
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5337
Occurrences: 51

פָּסֹ֥חַ

Lemma: 6452 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal infinitive absolute
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6452
Occurrences: 2

וְהִמְלִֽיט

Lemma: c/4422
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H4422
Occurrences: 30

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὡς ὄρνεα πετόμενα, οὕτως ὑπερασπιεῖ Κύριος σαβαὼθ, ὑπὲρ Ἱερουσαλὴμ ὑπερασπιεῖ, καὶ ἐξελεῖται, καὶ περιποιήσεται, καὶ σώσει.

16 word entries

Ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

ὄρνεα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὄρνεα
Transliteration: ornea
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

πετόμενα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πετόμενα
Transliteration: petomena
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

οὕτως

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὕτως
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: thus, so
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Thus, so, in this way.
Occurrences: 776

ὑπερασπιεῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὑπερασπιεῖ
Transliteration: yperaspiei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

σαβαὼθ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Σαβαώθ
Transliteration: Sabaoth
Morphology: proper title/loanword, indeclinable
Gloss: hosts, armies
Part of Speech: proper noun/title
Definition: Hebrew loan-title meaning hosts or armies.
Occurrences: 55

ὑπὲρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὑπέρ
Transliteration: hyper
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: over, above, on behalf of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition used with genitive or accusative.
Occurrences: 395

Ἱερουσαλὴμ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἱερουσαλήμ
Transliteration: Hierousalem
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Jerusalem
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Jerusalem.
Occurrences: 763

ὑπερασπιεῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὑπερασπιεῖ
Transliteration: yperaspiei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐξελεῖται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξελεῖται
Transliteration: exeleitai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 17

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

περιποιήσεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: περιποιήσεται
Transliteration: peripoiesetai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

σώσει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σώσει
Transliteration: sosei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 27

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܝܟ ܨܦܪ̈ܐ ܕܦܪ̈ܚܢ ܗܟܢܐ ܢܓܢ ܡܪܝܐ ܚܝܠܬܢܐ ܥܠ ܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܢܓܢ ܘܢܦܨܐ ܘܢܣܝܥ ܘܢܥܕܪ

13 word entries

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܨܦܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܦܪܐ
Transliteration: spr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 38

ܕܦܪ̈ܚܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܦܪܚܢ
Transliteration: dprhn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܗܟܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܟܢܐ
Transliteration: hkn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 718

ܢܓܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܓܢ
Transliteration: ngn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 6

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܚܝܠܬܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܝܠܬܢܐ
Transliteration: hyltn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 321

ܥܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܠ
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3346

ܐܘܪܫܠܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ
Transliteration: 'wrshlm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 168

ܢܓܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܓܢ
Transliteration: ngn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 6

ܘܢܦܨܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܦܨܐ
Transliteration: wnps'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 4

ܘܢܣܝܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܣܝܥ
Transliteration: wnsy'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܘܢܥܕܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܥܕܪ
Transliteration: wn'dr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

כְּעוֹפָא דְטָאִים כֵּן תִּתְגְלֵי גְבוּרְתֵּהּ דַייָ צְבָאוֹת עַל יְרוּשְׁלֵם יָגֵין וִישֵׁיזֵיב יַצִיל וְיַעְדֵי׃

13 word entries

כְּעוֹפָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עופא
Transliteration: k'wp'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 45

דְטָאִים

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טאים
Transliteration: dt'ym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

כֵּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כן
Transliteration: kn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 422

תִּתְגְלֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תתגלי
Transliteration: ttgly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 21

גְבוּרְתֵּהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבורתה
Transliteration: gbwrth
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

דַייָ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דיי
Transliteration: dyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1761

צְבָאוֹת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צבאות
Transliteration: tsb'wt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 284

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

יְרוּשְׁלֵם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ירושלם
Transliteration: yrwshlm
Morphology: proper noun
Gloss: Jerusalem
Occurrences: 642

יָגֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יגין
Transliteration: ygyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

וִישֵׁיזֵיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישיזיב
Transliteration: wyshyzyb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 12

יַצִיל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יציל
Transliteration: ytsyl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

וְיַעְדֵי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יעדי
Transliteration: wy'dy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 34

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Sicut aves volantes, sic proteget Dominus exercituum Jerusalem, protegens et liberans, transiens et salvans.

14 word entries

sicut

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sicut
Transliteration: sicut
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1559

aves

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: auis
Transliteration: aves
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 52

volantes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uolo
Transliteration: volantes
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 538

sic

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sic
Transliteration: sic
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 584

proteget

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: protego
Transliteration: proteget
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 46

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

exercituum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: exercitus
Transliteration: exercituum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 631

Hierusalem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Hierosolyma
Transliteration: Hierusalem
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 852

protegens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: protego
Transliteration: protegens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 46

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

liberans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: libero
Transliteration: liberans
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 224

transiens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: transeo
Transliteration: transiens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 403

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

salvans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: saluo
Transliteration: salvans
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 154

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Isaiah 31

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Psalms 91:4

Psalms 37:40

Isaiah 37:35

Deuteronomy 32:11

Isaiah 38:6

Isaiah 10:14

Exodus 19:4

Psalms 46:5

Exodus 12:27