Isaiah
Chapter 21
Verse 1
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Webster's Bible

Isaiah 21

Webster's Bible, Verse 1

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1 The burden of the desert of the sea. As whirlwinds in the south pass through; so it cometh from the desert, from a terrible land.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Isaiah 21:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 67
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מַשָּׂ֖א מִדְבַּר־יָ֑ם כְּסוּפ֤וֹת בַּנֶּ֙גֶב֙ לַֽחֲלֹ֔ף מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר בָּ֔א מֵאֶ֖רֶץ נוֹרָאָֽה׃

10 word entries
מַשָּׂ֖א
Lemma
4853 b
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H4853
Occurrences
20
מִדְבַּר
Lemma
4057 b
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H4057
Occurrences
51
יָ֑ם
Lemma
3220
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3220
Occurrences
160
כְּסוּפ֤וֹת
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5492
Occurrences
3
בַּנֶּ֨גֶב֙
Lemma
b/5045
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5045
Occurrences
8
לַֽחֲלֹ֔ף
Lemma
l/2498
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H2498
Occurrences
1
מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H4057
Occurrences
13
בָּ֔א
Lemma
935
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H935
Occurrences
1266
מֵאֶ֖רֶץ
Lemma
m/776
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H776
Occurrences
171
נוֹרָאָֽה
Lemma
3372
Morphology
Hebrew: verb niphal participle active
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H3372
Occurrences
220
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὡς καταιγὶς διʼ ἐρήμου διέλθοι, ἐξ ἐρήμου ἐρχομένη ἐκ γῆς φοβερὸν

11 word entries
Ὡς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ὡς
Transliteration
hos
Morphology
comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss
as, like, when
Part of Speech
conjunction/adverb
Definition
Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences
1899
καταιγὶς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
kataigis
Morphology
nominative singular feminine third-declension pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
14
διʼ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
διά
Transliteration
di
Morphology
preposition, elided form
Gloss
through, because of
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided form of διά.
Occurrences
881
ἐρήμου
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
eremou
Morphology
adjective/substantive, feminine/masculine/neuter genitive singular
Gloss
of wilderness, desert
Part of Speech
adjective/noun
Definition
Desolate, deserted; wilderness or desert.
Occurrences
327
διέλθοι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
dielthoi
Morphology
nominative plural masculine pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
ἐξ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐκ
Transliteration
ek
Morphology
preposition with genitive
Gloss
from, out of
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences
3500
ἐρήμου
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
eremou
Morphology
adjective/substantive, feminine/masculine/neuter genitive singular
Gloss
of wilderness, desert
Part of Speech
adjective/noun
Definition
Desolate, deserted; wilderness or desert.
Occurrences
327
ἐρχομένη
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
erchomene
Morphology
nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
5
ἐκ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐκ
Transliteration
ek
Morphology
preposition with genitive
Gloss
from, out of
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences
3500
γῆς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
γῆ
Transliteration
ges
Morphology
noun, feminine genitive singular
Gloss
of earth, of land
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's
G1093
Occurrences
2962
φοβερὸν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
phoberon
Morphology
accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
7
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܫܩܠܐ ܕܡܕܒܪܐ ܕܝܡܐ ܐܝܟ ܥܠܥܠܐ ܡܢ ܬܝܡܢܐ ܬܪܗܛ ܡܢ ܡܕܒܪܐ ܘܬܐܬܐ ܡܢ ܐܪܥܐ ܪܚܝܩܬܐ

14 word entries
ܡܫܩܠܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
mshql'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
13
ܕܡܕܒܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dmdbr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
24
ܕܝܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dym'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
72
ܐܝܟ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܐܝܟ
Transliteration
'yk
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
2051
ܥܠܥܠܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'l'l'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
18
ܡܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܢ
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
5552
ܬܝܡܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
tymn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
15
ܬܪܗܛ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
trht
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
2
ܡܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܢ
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
5552
ܡܕܒܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
mdbr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
43
ܘܬܐܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wt't'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
6
ܡܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܢ
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
5552
ܐܪܥܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Transliteration
ara
Morphology
noun, feminine emphatic singular
Gloss
earth, land
Occurrences
731
ܪܚܝܩܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
rhyqt'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
17
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מַטַל מַשִׁרְיָן דְאָתְיָן מִמַדְבְּרָא כְּמֵי יַמָא דְנָגְדִין כְּעַלְעוֹלִין דְאָתָן בְּאוֹרַח דָרוֹמָא מַדְבְּרָא וְאַתְיָן מִמַדְבְּרָא מֵאַרְעָא דְאִתְעֲבִידָא בָּהּ חֲסִינִין׃

18 word entries
מַטַל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
מטל
Transliteration
mtl
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
26
מַשִׁרְיָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
mshryn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
74
דְאָתְיָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
d'tyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
38
מִמַדְבְּרָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
mmdbr'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
141
כְּמֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
כמי
Transliteration
kmy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
14
יַמָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ימא
Transliteration
ym'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
284
דְנָגְדִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
dngdyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
22
כְּעַלְעוֹלִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
k'l'wlyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
4
דְאָתָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
אתן
Transliteration
d'tn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
235
בְּאוֹרַח
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
b'wrch
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
182
דָרוֹמָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
drwm'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
151
מַדְבְּרָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
mdbr'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
46
וְאַתְיָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
w'tyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
38
מִמַדְבְּרָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
mmdbr'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
141
מֵאַרְעָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
ארע
Transliteration
m'r''
Morphology
prefixed preposition מ + noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss
from earth, land
Occurrences
1735
דְאִתְעֲבִידָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
d't'byd'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
10
בָּהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
בה
Transliteration
bh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
209
חֲסִינִין׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
chsynyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
8
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Onus deserti maris. [Sicut turbines ab africo veniunt, de deserto venit, de terra horribili.

14 word entries
onus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
onus
Transliteration
onus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
82
deserti
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
deserti
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
111
maris
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
mare
Transliteration
maris
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
490
sicut
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sicut
Transliteration
sicut
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
1559
turbines
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
turbo
Transliteration
turbines
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
111
ab
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ab
Transliteration
ab
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
3693
africo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
africum
Transliteration
africo
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1
veniunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uenio
Transliteration
veniunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
2233
de
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
de
Transliteration
de
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
4779
deserto
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
deserto
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
196
venit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uenio
Transliteration
venit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
2233
de
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
de
Transliteration
de
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
4779
terra
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
terra
Transliteration
terra
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Gloss
earth
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
earth, land, ground
Etymology
Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences
3087
horribili
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
horribili
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
15

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Isaiah 14:23

I will also make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water: and I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts.

6 relevance votes

Jeremiah 51:42

The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of its waves.

5 relevance votes

Isaiah 13:1

The burden of Babylon, which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw.

5 relevance votes

Zechariah 9:14

And the LORD shall be seen over them, and his arrow shall go forth as the lightning: and the Lord GOD will blow the trumpet, and will go with whirlwinds of the south.

4 relevance votes

Isaiah 17:1

The burden of Damascus. Behold, Damascus is taken away from being a city, and it shall be a ruinous heap.

3 relevance votes

Job 37:9

From the south cometh the whirlwind: and cold from the north.

2 relevance votes

Ezekiel 31:12

And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth have gone down from his shade, and have left him.

2 relevance votes

Daniel 11:40

And at the time of the end shall the king of the south push at him: and the king of the north shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, and with horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass over.

2 relevance votes

Ezekiel 30:11

He and his people with him, the terrible of the nations, shall be brought to destroy the land: and they shall draw their swords against Egypt, and fill the land with the slain.

1 relevance votes
Chapter 21 of 66 Verse 1 of 17