8 Gilead is a city of them that work iniquity, and is polluted with blood.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Hosea 6:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
30
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
גִּלְעָ֕ד קִרְיַ֖ת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן עֲקֻבָּ֖ה מִדָּֽם׃
6 word entries
קִרְיַ֖ת
פֹּ֣עֲלֵי
אָ֑וֶן
עֲקֻבָּ֖ה
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
ἐργαζομένη μάταια, ταράσσουσα ὕδωρ,
4 word entries
ἐργαζομένη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐργαζομένη
- Transliteration
- ergazomene
- Morphology
- nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
μάταια
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- μάταια
- Transliteration
- mataia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 24
ταράσσουσα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ταράσσουσα
- Transliteration
- tarassoysa
- Morphology
- present active participle, nominative feminine singular pattern
- Gloss
- doing/being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ὕδωρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὕδωρ
- Transliteration
- hydor
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- water
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Water.
- Occurrences
- 629
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܓܠܥܕ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܝ ܕܥܒܕܝ ܥܘܠܐ ܘܡܦܠܦܠܐ ܒܕܡܐ
7 word entries
ܓܠܥܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܠܥܕ
- Transliteration
- gl'd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 30
ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܝܢܬܐ
- Transliteration
- mdynt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 206
ܗܝ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܝ
- Transliteration
- hi
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, feminine singular
- Gloss
- she, it, is
- Occurrences
- 578
ܕܥܒܕܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܒܕܝ
- Transliteration
- d'bdy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܥܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- 'wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 232
ܘܡܦܠܦܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܦܠܦܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wmplpl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܕܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܕܡܐ
- Transliteration
- bdm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 20
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
גִלְעָד קִרְיַת אֲנוּסִין בְּנַכְלִין אַשְׁדִין דַם זַכָּאי׃
7 word entries
גִלְעָד
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גלעד
- Transliteration
- gl'd
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 106
קִרְיַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קרית
- Transliteration
- qryt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 63
אֲנוּסִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אנוסין
- Transliteration
- 'nwsyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 8
בְּנַכְלִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נכלין
- Transliteration
- bnklyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 13
אַשְׁדִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אשדין
- Transliteration
- 'shdyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
דַם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דם
- Transliteration
- dm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 59
זַכָּאי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זכאי
- Transliteration
- zk'y
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 67
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Galaad civitas operantium idolum, supplantata sanguine.
6 word entries
Galaad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Galaas
- Transliteration
- Galaad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 99
civitas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ciuitas
- Transliteration
- civitas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1108
operantium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- operor
- Transliteration
- operantium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 234
idolum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- idolum
- Transliteration
- idolum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 144
subplantata
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- supplanto
- Transliteration
- subplantata
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 16
sanguine
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sanguis
- Transliteration
- sanguine
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 475
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Hosea 12:11
Is there iniquity in Gilead? surely they are vanity: they sacrifice bullocks in Gilgal; yes, their altars are as heaps in the furrows of the fields.
4 relevance votesMicah 7:2
The good man hath perished from the earth: and there is none upright among men: they all lie in wait for blood; they hunt every man his brother with a net.
3 relevance votesHosea 4:2
By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood.
3 relevance votes2 Samuel 20:8
When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa went before them. And Joab's garment that he had put on was girded to him, and upon it a girdle with a sword fastened upon his loins in its sheath; and as he went forth it fell out.
2 relevance votesJoshua 21:38
And out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with its suburbs to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Mahanaim with its suburbs,
2 relevance votesJeremiah 11:19
But I was like a lamb or an ox that is brought to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me, saying , Let us destroy the tree with its fruit, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.
2 relevance votesPsalms 59:2
Deliver me from the workers of iniquity, and save me from bloody men.
2 relevance votesActs 25:3
And desired favor against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem, laying wait in the way to kill him.
2 relevance votesHosea 5:1
Hear ye this, O priests; and hearken, ye house of Israel; and give ye ear, O house of the king; for judgment is towards you, because ye have been a snare on Mizpah, and a net spread upon Tabor.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 59:6
Their webs shall not become garments, neither shall they cover themselves with their works: their works are works of iniquity, and the act of violence is in their hands.
2 relevance votes1 Kings 2:5
Moreover, thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the armies of Israel, to Abner the son of Ner, and to Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet.
2 relevance votesPsalms 10:8
He sitteth in the lurking places of the villages: in the secret places doth he murder the innocent: his eyes are privily set against the poor.
2 relevance votes