27 Benjamin shall raven as a wolf: in the morning he shall devour the prey, and at night he shall divide the spoil.
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Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 49:27. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
בִּנְיָמִין֙ זְאֵ֣ב יִטְרָ֔ף בַּבֹּ֖קֶר יֹ֣אכַל עַ֑ד וְלָעֶ֖רֶב יְחַלֵּ֥ק שָׁלָֽל׃
בִּנְיָמִין֙
זְאֵ֣ב
יִטְרָ֔ף
בַּבֹּ֖קֶר
יֹ֣אכַל
עַ֑ד
וְלָעֶ֖רֶב
יְחַלֵּ֥ק
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Βενιαμὶν λύκος ἅρπαξ, τὸ πρωϊνὸν ἔδεται ἔτι, καὶ εἰς τὸ ἑσπέρας δίδωσι τροφήν.
Βενιαμὶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- Βενιαμίν
- Transliteration
- Beniamin
- Morphology
- proper noun, indeclinable
- Gloss
- Benjamin
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Benjamin.
- Occurrences
- 165
λύκος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- λύκος
- Transliteration
- lykos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 5
ἅρπαξ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἅρπαξ
- Transliteration
- arpax
- Morphology
- third-declension nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
τὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
πρωϊνὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- πρωϊνὸν
- Transliteration
- proinon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἔδεται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἔδεται
- Transliteration
- edetai
- Morphology
- verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 23
ἔτι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἔτι
- Transliteration
- eti
- Morphology
- adverb
- Gloss
- still, yet, again
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Definition
- Still, yet, further.
- Occurrences
- 520
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
εἰς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- εἰς
- Transliteration
- eis
- Morphology
- preposition with accusative
- Gloss
- into, to, for
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
- Occurrences
- 6787
τὸ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἑσπέρας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἑσπέρα
- Transliteration
- hesperas
- Morphology
- noun, feminine genitive singular or accusative plural
- Gloss
- evening
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Evening.
- Occurrences
- 96
δίδωσι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- δίδωσι
- Transliteration
- didosi
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
τροφήν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- τροφήν
- Transliteration
- trophen
- Morphology
- accusative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
בִּנְיָמִין בְּאַרְעֵהּ תִּשְׁרֵי שְׁכִנְתָּא וּבְאַחֲסַנְתֵּהּ יִתְבְּנֵי מַקְדְשָׁא בְּצַפְרָא וּבְפַנְיָא יְהוֹן מְקָרְבִין כַּהֲנַיָּא קָרְבָּנָא וּבְעִדַּן רַמְשָׁא יְהוֹן מְפַלְגִין מוֹתַר חוּלְקְהוֹן מִשְׁאַר קָדְשַׁיָּא
בִּנְיָמִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נימין
- Transliteration
- bnymyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 8
בְּאַרְעֵהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארעה
- Transliteration
- b'r'h
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 22
תִּשְׁרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תשרי
- Transliteration
- tshry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
שְׁכִנְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שכנתא
- Transliteration
- shknt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 5
וּבְאַחֲסַנְתֵּהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- באחסנתה
- Transliteration
- wb'chsnth
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
יִתְבְּנֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתבני
- Transliteration
- ytbny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
מַקְדְשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדשא
- Transliteration
- mqdsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 22
בְּצַפְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צפרא
- Transliteration
- btspr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 77
וּבְפַנְיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בפניא
- Transliteration
- wbpny'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
יְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יהון
- Transliteration
- yhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 122
מְקָרְבִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קרבין
- Transliteration
- mqrbyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
כַּהֲנַיָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הניא
- Transliteration
- khny'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 17
קָרְבָּנָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קרבנא
- Transliteration
- qrbn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 32
וּבְעִדַּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בעדן
- Transliteration
- wb'dn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
רַמְשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רמשא
- Transliteration
- rmsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 61
יְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יהון
- Transliteration
- yhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 122
מְפַלְגִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פלגין
- Transliteration
- mplgyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
מוֹתַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ותר
- Transliteration
- mwtr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
חוּלְקְהוֹן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חולקהון
- Transliteration
- chwlqhwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
מִשְׁאַר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שאר
- Transliteration
- msh'r
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 5
קָדְשַׁיָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדשיא
- Transliteration
- qdshy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܒܢܝܡܝܢ ܕܐܒܐ ܚܛܘܦܐ. ܒܨܦܪܐ ܢܐܟܘܠ ܒܙܬܐ. ܘܒܪܡܫܐ ܢܦ̇ܠܓ ܡܕܡ ܕܡܥܕܐ.
ܒܢܝܡܝܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BNJMJN
- Morphology
- BNJMJN/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܐܒܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- D>B>
- Morphology
- D>B/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܚܛܘܦܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- XVWP>
- Morphology
- XVWP/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܨܦܪܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BYPR>
- Morphology
- B-YPR/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܢܐܟܘܠ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- N>KWL
- Morphology
- !N!>K&WL[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܙܬܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BZT>
- Morphology
- BZ(>/T~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܒܪܡܫܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WBRMC>
- Morphology
- W-B-RMC/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܢܦ̇ܠܓ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- NP^LG
- Morphology
- !N!PLG[:d
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܕܡ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MDM
- Morphology
- MDM/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܡܥܕܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DM<D>
- Morphology
- D-!M!<D(J&>[/:d
- Occurrences
- 0
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Benjamin lupus rapax, mane comedat prædam, et vespere dividet spolia.]
Beniamin
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Beniamin
- Transliteration
- Beniamin
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 158
lupus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lupus
- Transliteration
- lupus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 14
rapax
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rapax
- Transliteration
- rapax
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 5
mane
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mane
- Transliteration
- mane
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 203
comedet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- comedo
- Transliteration
- comedet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 528
praedam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praeda
- Transliteration
- praedam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 85
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
vespere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uesper
- Transliteration
- vespere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 94
dividet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- diuido
- Transliteration
- dividet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 192
spolia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- spolium
- Transliteration
- spolia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 65
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Judges 20:21
And the children of Benjamin came forth from Gibeah, and destroyed down to the ground of the Israelites that day twenty and two thousand men.
4 relevance votesJudges 20:25
And Benjamin went forth against them out of Gibeah the second day, and destroyed down to the ground of the children of Israel again eighteen thousand men; all these drew the sword.
4 relevance votesGenesis 35:18
And it came to pass as her soul was in departing (for she died) that she called his name Ben-oni: but his father called him Benjamin.
3 relevance votesGenesis 46:21
And the sons of Benjamin were Belah, and Becher, and Ashbel, Gera, and Naaman, Ehi, and Rosh, Muppim, and Huppim, and Ard.
3 relevance votesEzekiel 22:27
Her princes in the midst of her are like wolves ravening the prey, to shed blood, and to destroy souls, to get dishonest gain.
3 relevance votesNumbers 23:24
Behold, the people shall rise up as a great lion, and lift up himself as a young lion: he shall not lie down until he shall eat of the prey, and drink the blood of the slain.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 5:6
Wherefore a lion from the forest shall slay them, and a wolf of the evenings shall spoil them, a leopard shall watch over their cities: every one that goeth out thence shall be torn in pieces: because their transgressions are many, and their backslidings are increased.
2 relevance votesActs 8:3
As for Saul, he made havoc of the church, entering into every house, and hauling men and women committed them to prison.
2 relevance votesActs 20:29
For I know this, that after my departure grievous wolves will enter in among you, not sparing the flock.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 22:25
There is a conspiracy of her prophets in the midst of her, like a roaring lion ravening the prey; they have devoured souls; they have taken the treasure and precious things; they have made her many widows in the midst of her.
2 relevance votesDeuteronomy 33:12
And of Benjamin he said, The beloved of the LORD shall dwell in safety by him; and the LORD shall cover him all the day long, and he shall dwell between his shoulders.
2 relevance votesActs 9:1
And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest,
2 relevance votes