1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
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Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Genesis 1:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
38
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
בְּרֵאשִׁית בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים אֵת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֵת הָאָרֶץ
Transliteration: Bereshit bara Elohim et hashamayim ve-et ha-aretz
Gloss: In beginning created God the heavens and the earth
7 word entries
בְּרֵאשִׁית
- Lemma
- רֵאשִׁית
- Transliteration
- reshit
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular construct with preposition
- Gloss
- beginning
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- beginning, first, chief, firstfruits
- Etymology
- From the Hebrew root ראש, carrying the idea of head, first, chief, or beginning.
- Occurrences
- 1
בָּרָא
- Lemma
- ברא
- Transliteration
- bara
- Morphology
- verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular
- Gloss
- created
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- to create, shape, form, or bring into being
- Etymology
- A Hebrew verb used with God as subject in key creation contexts.
- Occurrences
- 1
אֱלֹהִים
- Lemma
- אֱלֹהִים
- Transliteration
- elohim
- Morphology
- noun masculine plural used with singular verb
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, gods, divine being
- Etymology
- A plural-form Hebrew noun commonly used as a singular title for the God of Israel.
- Occurrences
- 1
אֵת
- Lemma
- אֵת
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- direct object marker
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- and + direct object marker
- Etymology
- A Hebrew grammatical marker identifying the definite direct object.
- Occurrences
- 2
הַשָּׁמַיִם
- Lemma
- שָׁמַיִם
- Transliteration
- shamayim
- Morphology
- noun masculine plural with article
- Gloss
- heavens
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- heavens, sky, visible heavens
- Etymology
- A Hebrew plural-form noun for heaven, sky, or the upper realm.
- Occurrences
- 1
וְאֵת
- Lemma
- אֵת
- Transliteration
- ve-et
- Morphology
- conjunction plus direct object marker
- Gloss
- and the
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- and + direct object marker
- Etymology
- Combines the conjunction ו with the direct object marker אֵת.
- Occurrences
- 2
הָאָרֶץ
- Lemma
- אֶרֶץ
- Transliteration
- erets
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular with article
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground, territory
- Etymology
- A broad Hebrew noun for earth, land, country, or ground.
- Occurrences
- 1
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν.
Transliteration: En arche epoiesen ho Theos ton ouranon kai ten gen
Gloss: In beginning God made the heaven and the earth
10 word entries
Ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
ἀρχῇ
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- sample
- Confidence note
- Legacy or hand-seeded token. Review source note before using as morphology.
- Lemma
- ἀρχή
- Transliteration
- arche
- Morphology
- noun feminine dative singular
- Gloss
- beginning
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Beginning, origin, ruler, or authority.
- Etymology
- Greek noun that can mean beginning/origin and also ruler/authority depending on context.
- Strong's
- G746
- Occurrences
- 79
ἐποίησεν
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- sample
- Confidence note
- Legacy or hand-seeded token. Review source note before using as morphology.
- Lemma
- ποιέω
- Transliteration
- epoiesen
- Morphology
- verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular
- Gloss
- made
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To make, do, perform, or produce.
- Etymology
- Broad Greek verb for making or doing; here used for divine creative action.
- Strong's
- G4160
- Occurrences
- 2253
ὁ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Θεὸς
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- sample
- Confidence note
- Legacy or hand-seeded token. Review source note before using as morphology.
- Lemma
- θεός
- Transliteration
- theos
- Morphology
- noun masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity, or divine being.
- Etymology
- Greek noun for God or a god; in this context the creator God.
- Strong's
- G2316
- Occurrences
- 3522
τὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
οὐρανὸν
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- sample
- Confidence note
- Legacy or hand-seeded token. Review source note before using as morphology.
- Lemma
- οὐρανός
- Transliteration
- ouranos
- Morphology
- noun masculine accusative singular
- Gloss
- heaven
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Heaven, sky, or heavenly realm.
- Etymology
- Greek noun for heaven or sky.
- Strong's
- G3772
- Occurrences
- 474
καὶ
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- sample
- Confidence note
- Legacy or hand-seeded token. Review source note before using as morphology.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Etymology
- Frequent Greek connective joining words, clauses, or ideas.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
τὴν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γῆν
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- sample
- Confidence note
- Legacy or hand-seeded token. Review source note before using as morphology.
- Lemma
- γῆ
- Transliteration
- ge
- Morphology
- noun feminine accusative singular
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Earth, ground, or land.
- Etymology
- Greek noun for earth, soil, land, or region.
- Strong's
- G1093
- Occurrences
- 2962
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
בְּקַדְמִין בְּרָא יְיָ יָת שְׁמַיָּא וְיָת אַרְעָא
7 word entries
בְּקַדְמִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קדמין
- Transliteration
- bqdmyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
בְּרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ברא
- Transliteration
- br'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 59
יְיָ
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- יהוה
- Transliteration
- yy
- Morphology
- divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
- Gloss
- the Lord
- Occurrences
- 1694
יָת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 2463
שְׁמַיָּא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- שמיא
- Transliteration
- shmy'
- Morphology
- noun masculine plural emphatic
- Gloss
- heavens, sky
- Occurrences
- 102
וְיָת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וית
- Transliteration
- wyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 775
אַרְעָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ארע
- Transliteration
- 'r''
- Morphology
- noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- earth, land
- Occurrences
- 840
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܒܪܫܝܬ ܒܪܐ ܐܠܗܐ. ܝܬ ܫܡܝܐ ܘܝܬ ܐܪܥܐ.
7 word entries
ܒܪܫܝܬ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BRCJT
- Morphology
- B-R(JCJ/T
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܪܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BR>
- Morphology
- BR(J&>[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >LH>
- Morphology
- >LH/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܝܬ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- JT
- Morphology
- JT
- Occurrences
- 0
ܫܡܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- CMJ>
- Morphology
- CM(J/J~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܝܬ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WJT
- Morphology
- W-JT
- Occurrences
- 0
ܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >R<>
- Morphology
- >R</~>
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
In principio creavit Deus cælum et terram.
Transliteration: In principio creavit Deus caelum et terram
Gloss: In the beginning God created heaven and earth
7 word entries
In
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- preposition with ablative
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
principio
- Lemma
- principium
- Transliteration
- principio
- Morphology
- noun neuter ablative singular
- Gloss
- beginning
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- beginning, origin, foundation, principle
- Etymology
- From Latin princeps/principium language of firstness, beginning, or foundation.
- Occurrences
- 65
creavit
- Lemma
- creo
- Transliteration
- creavit
- Morphology
- verb perfect active indicative 3rd singular
- Gloss
- created
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- to create, produce, bring forth
- Etymology
- Latin verb behind English create/creation.
- Occurrences
- 88
Deus
- Lemma
- Deus
- Transliteration
- Deus
- Morphology
- noun masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 1
cælum
- Lemma
- caelum
- Transliteration
- caelum
- Morphology
- noun neuter accusative singular
- Gloss
- heaven
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- heaven, sky
- Etymology
- Latin noun for heaven or sky; often normalized as caelum.
- Occurrences
- 740
et
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
terram
- Lemma
- terra
- Transliteration
- terram
- Morphology
- noun feminine accusative singular
- Gloss
- earth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- earth, land, ground
- Etymology
- Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
- Occurrences
- 3087
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Hebrews 11:3
Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which appeared.
274 relevance votesIsaiah 45:18
For thus saith the LORD that created the heavens; God himself that formed the earth and made it; he hath established it, he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited: I am the LORD; and there is none else.
249 relevance votesRevelation 4:11
Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory, and honor, and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.
204 relevance votesHebrews 1:10
And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the works of thy hands.
189 relevance votesIsaiah 42:5
Thus saith God the LORD, he that created the heavens, and expanded them; he that spread forth the earth, and that which it produceth; he that giveth breath to the people upon it, and spirit to them that walk therein.
160 relevance votesExodus 20:11
For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath-day, and hallowed it.
154 relevance votesJob 38:4
Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding.
147 relevance votesActs 17:24
God that made the world, and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of heaven and earth, dwelleth not in temples made with hands;
132 relevance votes2 Peter 3:5
For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water:
106 relevance votesNehemiah 9:6
Thou, even thou, art LORD alone; thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host, the earth, and all things that are in it, the seas, and all that is in them, and thou preservest them all; and the host of heaven worshipeth thee.
100 relevance votesIsaiah 44:24
Thus saith the LORD thy Redeemer, and he that formed thee from the womb, I am the LORD that maketh all things ; that stretcheth forth the heavens alone; that spreadeth abroad the earth by myself:
97 relevance votesJeremiah 32:17
Ah LORD God! behold, thou hast made the heaven and the earth by thy great power and out-stretched arm, and there is nothing too hard for thee:
90 relevance votes