8 And thou shalt take no gift: for the gift blindeth the wise, and perverteth the words of the righteous.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 23:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
58
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְשֹׁ֖חַד לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח כִּ֤י הַשֹּׁ֙חַד֙ יְעַוֵּ֣ר פִּקְחִ֔ים וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף דִּבְרֵ֥י צַדִּיקִֽים׃
10 word entries
וְשֹׁ֖חַד
תִקָּ֑ח
כִּ֤י
הַשֹּׁ֨חַד֙
יְעַוֵּ֣ר
וִֽיסַלֵּ֖ף
דִּבְרֵ֥י
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ δῶρα οὐ λήψῃ· τὰ γὰρ δῶρα ἐκτυφλοῖ ὀφθαλμοὺς βλεπόντων, καὶ λυμαῖνεται ῥήματα δίκαια.
14 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
δῶρα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δῶρον
- Transliteration
- doron
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- gift, offering
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Gift or offering.
- Occurrences
- 141
οὐ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὐ
- Transliteration
- ou
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Negative particle before rough breathing.
- Occurrences
- 5892
λήψῃ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- λαμβάνω
- Transliteration
- lepse
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active subjunctive 3rd singular or future middle indicative 2nd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it may take; you will take
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- To take, receive, or obtain.
- Occurrences
- 894
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
γὰρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γάρ
- Transliteration
- gar
- Morphology
- postpositive explanatory conjunction
- Gloss
- for, because
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Explanatory or causal conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 1390
δῶρα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δῶρον
- Transliteration
- doron
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- gift, offering
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Gift or offering.
- Occurrences
- 141
ἐκτυφλοῖ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐκτυφλοῖ
- Transliteration
- ektyphloi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ὀφθαλμοὺς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὀφθαλμός
- Transliteration
- ophthalmous
- Morphology
- noun, masculine accusative plural
- Gloss
- eyes
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Eye; by extension sight or perception.
- Occurrences
- 553
βλεπόντων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- βλεπόντων
- Transliteration
- bleponton
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
λυμαῖνεται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- λυμαῖνεται
- Transliteration
- lymainetai
- Morphology
- verb, present/future middle-passive form, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ῥήματα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ῥῆμα
- Transliteration
- rhema
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- word, saying, matter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Spoken word, saying, or matter.
- Occurrences
- 403
δίκαια
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- δίκαια
- Transliteration
- dikaia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 24
Targum Onkelos Torah
Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain
Coverage: Torah
Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.
וְשׁוֹחֲדָא לָא תְקַבֵּל אֲרֵי שׁוֹחֲדָא מְעַוֵר עֵינֵי חַכִּימִין וּמְקַלְקֵל פִּתְגָמִין תְּרִיצִין:
11 word entries
וְשׁוֹחֲדָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שוחדא
- Transliteration
- wshwchd'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
לָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- לא
- Transliteration
- l'
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1040
תְקַבֵּל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תקבל
- Transliteration
- tqbl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 30
אֲרֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארי
- Transliteration
- 'ry
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 989
שׁוֹחֲדָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שוחדא
- Transliteration
- shwchd'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
מְעַוֵר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עור
- Transliteration
- m'wr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 8
עֵינֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עיני
- Transliteration
- 'yny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 53
חַכִּימִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חכימין
- Transliteration
- chkymyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
וּמְקַלְקֵל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מקלקל
- Transliteration
- wmqlql
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
פִּתְגָמִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פתגמין
- Transliteration
- ptgmyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
תְּרִיצִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תריצין
- Transliteration
- trytsyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܫܘܚܕܐ ܠܐ ܬܣ̣ܒ. ܡܛܠ ܕܫܘܚܕܐ ܡܥܘܪ ܥܝܢ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܕܚܟܝ̈ܡܐ ܒܕܝܢ̣ܐ. ܘܡܗܦ̣ܟ ܡ̈ܠܝܗܘܢ ܕܙ̈ܟܝܐ.
12 word entries
ܫܘܚܕܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- CWXD>
- Morphology
- C&WX(WD/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- L>
- Morphology
- L>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܬܣ̣ܒ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- TS#B
- Morphology
- !T!(NSB[
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MVL
- Morphology
- MVL
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܫܘܚܕܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DCWXD>
- Morphology
- D-C&WX(WD/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܥܘܪ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- M<WR
- Morphology
- !M!<WR=[/:d
- Occurrences
- 0
ܥܝܢ̈ܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- <JN"JHWN
- Morphology
- <JN/J-HWN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܚܟܝ̈ܡܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DXKJ"M>
- Morphology
- D-XKJM/(J~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܕܝܢ̣ܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- BDJN#>
- Morphology
- B-DJN=/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܡܗܦ̣ܟ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WMHP#K
- Morphology
- W-!M!](>]HPK[/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡ̈ܠܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- M"LJHWN
- Morphology
- ML(>/J-HWN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܙ̈ܟܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DZ"KJ>
- Morphology
- D-ZKJ=/(J~>
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Nec accipies munera, quæ etiam excæcant prudentes, et subvertunt verba justorum.
11 word entries
nec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nec
- Transliteration
- nec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 750
accipias
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- accipio
- Transliteration
- accipias
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 632
munera
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- munus
- Transliteration
- munera
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 118
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
excaecant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- excaeco
- Transliteration
- excaecant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 8
etiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- etiam
- Transliteration
- etiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 326
prudentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- prudens
- Transliteration
- prudentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 60
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
subvertunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- subuerto
- Transliteration
- subvertunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 84
verba
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uerbum
- Transliteration
- verba
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1162
iustorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iustus
- Transliteration
- iustorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 427
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Deuteronomy 16:19
Thou shalt not wrest judgment; thou shalt not respect persons, neither take a gift; for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise, and pervert the words of the righteous.
11 relevance votesProverbs 17:23
A wicked man taketh a gift out of the bosom to pervert the ways of judgment.
10 relevance votesIsaiah 5:23
Who justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him!
9 relevance votesProverbs 15:27
He that is greedy of gain troubleth his own house; but he that hateth gifts shall live.
8 relevance votes1 Samuel 8:3
And his sons walked not in his ways, but turned aside after lucre, and took bribes, and perverted judgment.
6 relevance votesDeuteronomy 10:17
For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, who regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward:
5 relevance votesPsalms 26:10
In whose hands is mischief, and their right hand is full of bribes.
5 relevance votesEcclesiastes 7:7
Surely oppression maketh a wise man mad; and a gift destroyeth the heart.
5 relevance votesEzekiel 22:12
In thee have they taken gifts to shed blood; thou hast taken interest and increase, and thou hast greedily gained from thy neighbors by extortion, and hast forgotten me, saith the Lord GOD.
4 relevance votesProverbs 17:8
A gift is as a precious stone in the eyes of him that hath it: whithersoever it turneth, it prospereth.
4 relevance votesProverbs 19:4
Wealth maketh many friends; but the poor is separated from his neighbor.
4 relevance votesAmos 5:12
For I know your manifold transgressions and your mighty sins: they afflict the just, they take a bribe, and they turn aside the poor in the gate from their right .
4 relevance votes