Exodus
Chapter 22
Verse 31
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Webster's Bible

Exodus 22

Webster's Bible, Verse 31

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31 And ye shall be holy men to me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Exodus 22:31. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 9
Word Entries 65
Editorial Notes 4
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

Shown from source reference 23:1 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

לֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֖א שֵׁ֣מַע שָׁ֑וְא אַל־תָּ֤שֶׁת יָֽדְךָ֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע לִהְיֹ֖ת עֵ֥ד חָמָֽס׃ ס

12 word entries
לֹ֥א
Lemma
3808
Morphology
Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H3808
Occurrences
3277
תִשָּׂ֖א
Lemma
5375
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H5375
Occurrences
386
שֵׁ֣מַע
Lemma
8088 b
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H8088
Occurrences
13
שָׁ֑וְא
Lemma
7723
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H7723
Occurrences
37
אַל
Lemma
408
Morphology
Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H408
Occurrences
576
תָּ֤שֶׁת
Lemma
7896
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal jussive 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H7896
Occurrences
68
יָֽדְךָ֙
Lemma
3027
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3027
Occurrences
747
עִם
Lemma
5973 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5973
Occurrences
900
רָשָׁ֔ע
Lemma
7563
Morphology
Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech
adjective
Strong's
H7563
Occurrences
201
לִהְיֹ֖ת
Lemma
l/1961
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H1961
Occurrences
74
עֵ֥ד
Lemma
5707
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H5707
Occurrences
51
חָמָֽס
Lemma
2555
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H2555
Occurrences
48
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Shown from source reference 23:1 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

Οὐ παραδέξῃ ἀκοὴν ματαίαν· οὐ συγκαταθήσῃ μετὰ τοῦ ἀδίκου γενέσθαι μάρτυς ἄδικος.

12 word entries
Οὐ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
οὐ
Transliteration
ou
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences
5892
παραδέξῃ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
paradexe
Morphology
subjunctive/dative singular pattern depending on context
Gloss
form requires context
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
ἀκοὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
akoen
Morphology
proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss
Ἀκοὴν
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
17
ματαίαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
mataian
Morphology
aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss
they ... / ...
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
οὐ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
οὐ
Transliteration
ou
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences
5892
συγκαταθήσῃ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
sygkatathese
Morphology
subjunctive/dative singular pattern depending on context
Gloss
form requires context
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
2
μετὰ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
meta
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
with, after
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences
2247
τοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἀδίκου
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
adikoy
Morphology
genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss
of ...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
16
γενέσθαι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
genesthai
Morphology
aorist middle infinitive
Gloss
to become, to happen
Part of Speech
infinitive
Definition
To become, happen, come to be, or be made.
Occurrences
1418
μάρτυς
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
martys
Morphology
nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
35
ἄδικος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
adikos
Morphology
nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
14
Targum Onkelos Torah Aramaic · Targum Onkelos · Public Domain

Coverage: Torah

Ancient Aramaic Torah translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as the Hebrew original text.

Shown from source reference 23:1 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

לָא תְקַבֵּל שְׁמַע דִשְׁקָר לָא תְשַׁוִי יְדָךְ עִם חַיָבָא לְמֶהֱוֵי לֵהּ סָהִיד שְׁקָר:

13 word entries
לָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
לא
Transliteration
l'
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Occurrences
1040
תְקַבֵּל
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tqbl
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
30
שְׁמַע
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שמע
Transliteration
shm'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
47
דִשְׁקָר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שקר
Transliteration
dshqr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
15
לָא
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
לא
Transliteration
l'
Morphology
negative particle
Gloss
not
Occurrences
1040
תְשַׁוִי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
tshwy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
18
יְדָךְ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ידך
Transliteration
ydk
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
59
עִם
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
עם
Transliteration
'm
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
with
Occurrences
613
חַיָבָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
chyb'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
9
לְמֶהֱוֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lmhwy
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
24
לֵהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
לה
Transliteration
lh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
465
סָהִיד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
shyd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
15
שְׁקָר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
שקר
Transliteration
shqr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
15
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

Shown from source reference 23:1 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

ܠܐ ܬܫܪ ܫܡܥܐ ܟܕܒܐ. ܠܐ ܬܘܫܛ ܐܝܕܟ ܥܡ ܚܝ̇ܒܐ ܠܡܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܣܗܕܐ ܟܕܒܐ.

13 word entries
ܠܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
L>
Morphology
L>
Occurrences
0
ܬܫܪ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
TCR
Morphology
!T!](>]CR(R=[
Occurrences
0
ܫܡܥܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
CM<>
Morphology
CM<=/~>
Occurrences
0
ܟܕܒܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
KDB>
Morphology
KDB=/~>
Occurrences
0
ܠܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
L>
Morphology
L>
Occurrences
0
ܬܘܫܛ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
TWCV
Morphology
!T!](>](J&WCV[
Occurrences
0
ܐܝܕܟ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
>JDK
Morphology
&>JD/-K
Occurrences
0
ܥܡ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
<M
Morphology
<M
Occurrences
0
ܚܝ̇ܒܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
XJ^B>
Morphology
XJB/~>
Occurrences
0
ܠܡܗܘܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
LMHW>
Morphology
L-!M!HW(J&>[/
Occurrences
0
ܠܗ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
LH
Morphology
L-H
Occurrences
0
ܣܗܕܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
SHD>
Morphology
SHD=/~>
Occurrences
0
ܟܕܒܐ
Confidence
medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note
OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration
KDB>
Morphology
KDB=/~>
Occurrences
0
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Viri sancti eritis mihi: carnem, quæ a bestiis fuerit prægustata, non comedetis, sed projicietis canibus.

15 word entries
viri
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uir
Transliteration
viri
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1641
sancti
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sanctus
Transliteration
sancti
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
797
eritis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
eritis
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
mihi
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ego
Transliteration
mihi
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
6108
carnem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
caro
Transliteration
carnem
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
433
quae
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
quae
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
a
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ab
Transliteration
a
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
3693
bestiis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
bestia
Transliteration
bestiis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
163
fuerit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
fuerit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
praegustata
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
praegustata
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
1
non
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
non
Transliteration
non
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
7320
comedetis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
comedo
Transliteration
comedetis
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
528
sed
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sed
Transliteration
sed
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
1637
proicietis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
proicio
Transliteration
proicietis
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
167
canibus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
canis
Transliteration
canibus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
44
Spirit Nation Hebrew/Aramaic Alignment Note English · Hebrew / Biblical Aramaic Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The imported Hebrew/Biblical Aramaic package does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "¶ And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "¶ And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Syriac Peshitta OT Alignment Note English · Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Syriac/Peshitta source does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "¶ And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Targum Alignment Note English · Targum Aramaic Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The imported Targum tradition does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "¶ And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Ezekiel 4:14

Then said I, Ah Lord GOD! behold, my soul hath not been polluted: for from my youth even till now have I not eaten of that which dieth of itself, or is torn in pieces; neither hath abominable flesh come into my mouth.

7 relevance votes

Leviticus 19:2

Speak to all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say to them, Ye shall be holy: for I the LORD your God am holy.

7 relevance votes

Acts 15:20

But that we write to them that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from lewdness, and from things strangled, and from blood.

4 relevance votes

Leviticus 22:8

That which dieth of itself, or is torn by beasts , he shall not eat to defile himself with it: I am the LORD.

4 relevance votes

Ezekiel 44:31

The priests shall not eat of any thing that is dead of itself, or torn, whether of fowl or beast.

4 relevance votes

Deuteronomy 14:21

Ye shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself: thou shalt give it to the stranger that is in thy gates, that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it to an alien: for thou art a holy people to the LORD thy God. Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk.

4 relevance votes

Leviticus 20:25

Ye shall therefore distinguish between clean beasts and unclean, and between unclean fowls and clean: and ye shall not make your souls abominable by beast or by fowl, or by any manner of living animal that creepeth on the ground, which I have separated from you as unclean.

2 relevance votes

Acts 10:14

But Peter said, Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten any thing that is common or unclean.

2 relevance votes
Chapter 22 · 22 of 40 available Verse 31 of 31