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Webster's Bible

2 Samuel 22

Webster's Bible, Verse 12

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¹² And he made darkness pavilions around him, dark waters, and thick clouds of the skies.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Samuel 22:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 60

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיָּ֥שֶׁת חֹ֛שֶׁךְ סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו סֻכּ֑וֹת חַֽשְׁרַת־מַ֖יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃

8 word entries

וַיָּ֥שֶׁת

Lemma: c/7896
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7896
Occurrences: 17

חֹ֛שֶׁךְ

Lemma: 2822
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2822
Occurrences: 49

סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו

Lemma: 5439
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5439
Occurrences: 282

סֻכּ֑וֹת

Lemma: 5521
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5521
Occurrences: 9

חַֽשְׁרַת

Lemma: 2841
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2841
Occurrences: 1

מַ֖יִם

Lemma: 4325
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4325
Occurrences: 325

עָבֵ֥י

Lemma: 5645
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5645
Occurrences: 16

שְׁחָקִֽים

Lemma: 7834
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7834
Occurrences: 13

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἔθετο σκότος ἀποκρυφὴν αὐτοῦ· κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ ἡ σκηνὴ αὐτοῦ σκότος ὑδάτων, ἐπάχυνεν ἐν νεφέλαις ἀέρος.

16 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἔθετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τίθημι
Transliteration: etheto
Morphology: verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it placed, set
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To put, place, set.
Occurrences: 81

σκότος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σκότος
Transliteration: skotos
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: darkness
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Darkness.
Occurrences: 62

ἀποκρυφὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀποκρυφὴν
Transliteration: apokryphen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

κύκλῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύκλος
Transliteration: kyklo
Morphology: dative singular used adverbially
Gloss: around, round about
Part of Speech: noun/adverb
Definition: Circle, circuit, or around.
Occurrences: 229

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

σκηνὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σκηνὴ
Transliteration: skene
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

σκότος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σκότος
Transliteration: skotos
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: darkness
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Darkness.
Occurrences: 62

ὑδάτων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

ἐπάχυνεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐπάχυνεν
Transliteration: epachynen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

νεφέλαις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: νεφέλαις
Transliteration: nephelais
Morphology: dative plural feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

ἀέρος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀέρος
Transliteration: aeros
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܥܒܕ ܚܫܘܟܐ ܠܓܢܝܗ ܘܟܪܟܗ ܡܛܠܠܗ ܚܫܘܟܐ ܕܡ̈ܝܐ ܒܥܢ̈ܢܐ ܕܐܐܪ

9 word entries

ܘܥܒܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܒܕ
Transliteration: w'bd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 265

ܚܫܘܟܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܫܘܟܐ
Transliteration: hshwk'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 37

ܠܓܢܝܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܓܢܝܗ
Transliteration: lgnyh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1

ܘܟܪܟܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܟܪܟܗ
Transliteration: wkrkh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܡܛܠܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠܠܗ
Transliteration: mtllh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܚܫܘܟܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܫܘܟܐ
Transliteration: hshwk'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 37

ܕܡ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܝܐ
Transliteration: dmy'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 83

ܒܥܢ̈ܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܥܢܢܐ
Transliteration: b'nn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 7

ܕܐܐܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܐܪ
Transliteration: d''r
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וְאַשְׁרֵי שְׁכִינְתֵּיהּ בַּעֲרָפֵילָא וַעֲנַן יְקַר סְחוֹר סְחוֹר לֵיהּ מָחִית מִיִן תַּקִיפִין מֵרִכְפַּת עֲנָנִין קַלִילִין בְּרוּם עַלְמָא׃

16 word entries

וְאַשְׁרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשרי
Transliteration: w'shry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 48

שְׁכִינְתֵּיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שכינתיה
Transliteration: shkyntyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 31

בַּעֲרָפֵילָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ערפילא
Transliteration: b'rpyl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

וַעֲנַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ענן
Transliteration: w'nn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 24

יְקַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יקר
Transliteration: yqr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 82

סְחוֹר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סחור
Transliteration: schwr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 289

סְחוֹר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סחור
Transliteration: schwr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 289

לֵיהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ליה
Transliteration: lyh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1154

מָחִית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חית
Transliteration: mchyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 22

מִיִן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מין
Transliteration: myn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 42

תַּקִיפִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקיפין
Transliteration: tqypyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 84

מֵרִכְפַּת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רכפת
Transliteration: mrkpt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 20

עֲנָנִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עננין
Transliteration: 'nnyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 11

קַלִילִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קלילין
Transliteration: qlylyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 30

בְּרוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רום
Transliteration: brwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 27

עַלְמָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: 'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Posuit tenebras in circuitu suo latibulum, cribrans aquas de nubibus cælorum.

11 word entries

posuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pono
Transliteration: posuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 894

tenebras

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tenebrae
Transliteration: tenebras
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 162

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

circuitu

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: circuitus
Transliteration: circuitu
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 259

suo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suo
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

latibulum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: latibulum
Transliteration: latibulum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 7

cribrans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cribro
Transliteration: cribrans
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2

aquas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aqua
Transliteration: aquas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 692

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

nubibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nubes
Transliteration: nubibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 150

caelorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: caelum
Transliteration: caelorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: heaven
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: heaven, sky
Etymology: Latin noun for heaven or sky; often normalized as caelum.
Occurrences: 740

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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2 Samuel 22

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Job 36:29

Psalms 97:2

2 Samuel 22:10

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