19 And the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Chronicles 4:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
62
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וּבְנֵי֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת הֽוֹדִיָּ֔ה אֲח֣וֹת נַ֔חַם אֲבִ֥י קְעִילָ֖ה הַגַּרְמִ֑י וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ הַמַּעֲכָתִֽי׃
10 word entries
וּבְנֵי֙
אֵ֣שֶׁת
אֲח֣וֹת
אֲבִ֥י
הַגַּרְמִ֑י
וְאֶשְׁתְּמֹ֖עַ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Καὶ υἱοὶ γυναικὸς τῆς Ἰδουίας ἀδελφῆς Ναχαῒμ πατρὸς Κεϊλὰ, Γαρμὶ, καὶ Ἐσθαιμὼν Νωχαθί.
13 word entries
Καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
υἱοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- υἱός
- Transliteration
- huios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- son
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Son, descendant, or member of a group.
- Occurrences
- 4805
γυναικὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γυνή
- Transliteration
- gynaikos
- Morphology
- noun, feminine genitive singular
- Gloss
- of a woman, wife
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Woman or wife.
- Occurrences
- 889
τῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Ἰδουίας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἰδουίας
- Transliteration
- idoyias
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἀδελφῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀδελφῆς
- Transliteration
- adelphes
- Morphology
- genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 20
Ναχαῒμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Ναχαῒμ
- Transliteration
- nacham
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ναχαῒμ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
πατρὸς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πατήρ
- Transliteration
- pater
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- father
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Father or ancestor.
- Occurrences
- 1228
Κεϊλὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Κεϊλὰ
- Transliteration
- keila
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Κεϊλὰ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 11
Γαρμὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- γαρμὶ
- Transliteration
- garmi
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Ἐσθαιμὼν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐσθαιμὼν
- Transliteration
- esthaimon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Νωχαθί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- νωχαθί
- Transliteration
- nochathi
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܒ̈ܢܝ ܐܢܬܬ ܗܘܪܝܐ ܚܬܗ ܕܢܚܘܡ ܐܒܘܗܝ ܕܩܥܝܠܐ ܙܡܪܝ ܘܐܫܬܡܘܥ ܘܡܟܝܬ ܘܐܫܬܡܥ ܘܐܫܝܡܘܢ
12 word entries
ܘܒ̈ܢܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܢܝ
- Transliteration
- wbny
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 127
ܐܢܬܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬܬ
- Transliteration
- 'ntt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 11
ܗܘܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- hwry'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
ܚܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܬܗ
- Transliteration
- hth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 16
ܕܢܚܘܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܚܘܡ
- Transliteration
- dnhwm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܐܒܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܒܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- 'bwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 126
ܕܩܥܝܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܩܥܝܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dq'yl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܙܡܪܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܡܪܝ
- Transliteration
- zmry
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 11
ܘܐܫܬܡܘܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܫܬܡܘܥ
- Transliteration
- w'shtmw'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܡܟܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܟܝܬ
- Transliteration
- wmkyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܐܫܬܡܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܫܬܡܥ
- Transliteration
- w'shtm'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܐܫܝܡܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܫܝܡܘܢ
- Transliteration
- w'shymwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וּבְנֵי אִתַּת הוֹדִיָה אֲחָתֵיהּ דִצְעָת רַבָּא דִקְעִילָה דְמִן גֶרֶם וְאֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ דְמִן מַעֲכָה׃
12 word entries
וּבְנֵי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- wbny
- Morphology
- prefixed conjunction ו + noun plural construct
- Gloss
- and sons, children of
- Occurrences
- 2734
אִתַּת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתת
- Transliteration
- 'tt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 92
הוֹדִיָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הודיה
- Transliteration
- hwdyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
אֲחָתֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אחתיה
- Transliteration
- 'chtyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 15
דִצְעָת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צעת
- Transliteration
- dts't
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
רַבָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רבא
- Transliteration
- rb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 305
דִקְעִילָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קעילה
- Transliteration
- dq'ylh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 16
דְמִן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דמן
- Transliteration
- dmn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 252
גֶרֶם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גרם
- Transliteration
- grm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 4
וְאֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אשתמוע
- Transliteration
- w'shtmw'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
דְמִן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דמן
- Transliteration
- dmn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 252
מַעֲכָה׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עכה
- Transliteration
- m'kh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 26
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et filii uxoris Odaiæ sororis Naham patris Ceila, Garmi, et Esthamo, qui fuit de Machathi.
15 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
filii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- filii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
uxoris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uxor
- Transliteration
- uxoris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 505
Odaiae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Odaia
- Transliteration
- Odaiae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1
sororis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- soror
- Transliteration
- sororis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 125
Naham
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Naha
- Transliteration
- Naham
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1
patris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pater
- Transliteration
- patris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1575
Ceila
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Ceila
- Transliteration
- Ceila
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 18
Garmi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Garmus
- Transliteration
- Garmi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Esthamo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Esthamon
- Transliteration
- Esthamo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
fuit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- fuit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
de
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- de
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 4779
Machathi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Machathus
- Transliteration
- Machathi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 5
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Joshua 15:44
And Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages:
4 relevance votes