8 And of the Gadites there separated themselves to David in the hold in the wilderness men of might, and men of war fit for the battle, that could handle shield and buckler, whose faces were like the faces of lions, and were as swift as the roes upon the mountains;
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Chronicles 12:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
59
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְיוֹעֵאלָ֧ה וּזְבַדְיָ֛ה בְּנֵ֥י יְרֹחָ֖ם מִן־הַגְּדֽוֹר׃
6 word entries
וְיוֹעֵאלָ֧ה
וּזְבַדְיָ֛ה
בְּנֵ֥י
מִן
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
καὶ Ἰελία καὶ Ζαβαδία υἱοὶ ʼΙροὰμ, καὶ οἱ τοῦ Γεδώρ.
10 word entries
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Ἰελία
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἰελία
- Transliteration
- ielia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
Ζαβαδία
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ζαβαδία
- Transliteration
- zabadia
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
υἱοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- υἱός
- Transliteration
- huios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- son
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Son, descendant, or member of a group.
- Occurrences
- 4805
ʼΙροὰμ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ʼιροὰμ
- Transliteration
- iroam
- Morphology
- rare LXX source token; morphology and lexical role require manual review
- Gloss
- rare source form
- Part of Speech
- transliterated proper/source term
- Definition
- Final low-confidence LXX tail classification for a rare Greek, elided, numeral, or transliterated source token. Exact lexical identity and morphology require manual review.
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
Γεδώρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- Γεδώρ
- Transliteration
- gedor
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Γεδώρ
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܝܘܐܚ ܙܟܪܝܐ ܒܢ̈ܘܗܝ ܕܝܪܚܘܡ ܕܡܢ ܓܕܪ
6 word entries
ܝܘܐܚ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܐܚ
- Transliteration
- yw'h
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܙܟܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܟܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- zkry'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 42
ܒܢ̈ܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܢܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- bnwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 145
ܕܝܪܚܘܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܪܚܘܡ
- Transliteration
- dyrhwm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܢ
- Transliteration
- dmn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 417
ܓܕܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܕܪ
- Transliteration
- gdr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
וְיוֹעֵאלָה וּזְבַדְיָה בְּנֵי יְרוֹחָם מִן גְדוּר׃
6 word entries
וְיוֹעֵאלָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יועאלה
- Transliteration
- wyw''lh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
וּזְבַדְיָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זבדיה
- Transliteration
- wzbdyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
בְּנֵי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- בר
- Transliteration
- bny
- Morphology
- noun plural construct
- Gloss
- sons, children of
- Occurrences
- 2734
יְרוֹחָם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ירוחם
- Transliteration
- yrwchm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
מִן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
גְדוּר׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גדור
- Transliteration
- gdwr
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Sed et de Gaddi transfugerunt ad David cum lateret in deserto, viri robustissimi, et pugnatores optimi, tenentes clypeum et hastam: facies eorum quasi facies leonis, et veloces quasi capreæ in montibus:
31 word entries
sed
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sed
- Transliteration
- sed
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1637
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
de
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- de
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 4779
Gaddi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Gaddus
- Transliteration
- Gaddi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 6
transfugerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- transfugio
- Transliteration
- transfugerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 13
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
David
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Dauid
- Transliteration
- David
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 1095
cum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cum
- Transliteration
- cum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5272
lateret
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lateo
- Transliteration
- lateret
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 33
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
deserto
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- desertum
- Transliteration
- deserto
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 196
viri
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uir
- Transliteration
- viri
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1641
robustissimi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- robustus
- Transliteration
- robustissimi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 85
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
pugnatores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pugnator
- Transliteration
- pugnatores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 28
optimi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- bonus
- Transliteration
- optimi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 847
tenentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- teneo
- Transliteration
- tenentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 189
clypeum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- chypeus
- Transliteration
- clypeum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
hastam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hasta
- Transliteration
- hastam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 46
facies
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facies
- Transliteration
- facies
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 793
eorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
quasi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quasi
- Transliteration
- quasi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 989
facies
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facies
- Transliteration
- facies
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 793
leonis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- leo
- Transliteration
- leonis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 136
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
veloces
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uelox
- Transliteration
- veloces
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 29
quasi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quasi
- Transliteration
- quasi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 989
capreae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- caprea
- Transliteration
- capreae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 9
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
montibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mons
- Transliteration
- montibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 644
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Samuel 2:18
And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel was as light of foot as a wild roe.
7 relevance votes2 Samuel 23:20
And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man, of Kabzeel, who had done many acts, he slew two lion-like men of Moab: he went down also and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow:
5 relevance votes2 Samuel 17:10
And he also that is valiant, whose heart is as the heart of a lion, will utterly melt: for all Israel knoweth that thy father is a mighty man, and they who are with him are valiant men.
5 relevance votes1 Chronicles 11:16
And David was then in the hold, and the Philistines' garrison was then at Beth-lehem.
2 relevance votes1 Samuel 24:22
And David swore to Saul. And Saul went home; but David and his men repaired to the hold.
2 relevance votes1 Chronicles 11:22
Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done many acts; he slew two lion-like men of Moab: also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day.
2 relevance votesProverbs 28:1
The wicked flee when no man pursueth: but the righteous are bold as a lion.
2 relevance votes2 Samuel 1:23
Saul and Jonathan were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided: they were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.
2 relevance votesProverbs 6:5
Deliver thyself as a roe from the hand of the hunter , and as a bird from the hand of the fowler.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 46:9
Come up, ye horses; and rage, ye chariots; and let the mighty men come forth: the Cushites and the Libyans, that handle the shield; and the Lydians that handle and bend the bow.
2 relevance votes1 Samuel 23:14
And David abode in the wilderness in strong holds, and remained in a mountain in the wilderness of Ziph. And Saul sought him every day, but God delivered him not into his hand.
2 relevance votes2 Chronicles 25:5
Moreover, Amaziah assembled Judah, and made them captains over thousands, and captains over hundreds, according to the houses of their fathers, throughout all Judah and Benjamin: and he numbered them from twenty years old and above, and found them three hundred thousand choice men , able to go forth to war, that could handle spear and shield.
2 relevance votes