4 Her prophets are arrogant and treacherous people. Her priests have profaned the sanctuary. They have done violence to the law.
World English Bible
Zephaniah 3
World English Bible, Verse 4
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Zephaniah 3:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
58
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
נְבִיאֶ֙יהָ֙ פֹּֽחֲזִ֔ים אַנְשֵׁ֖י בֹּֽגְד֑וֹת כֹּהֲנֶ֙יהָ֙ חִלְּלוּ־קֹ֔דֶשׁ חָמְס֖וּ תּוֹרָֽה׃
9 word entries
נְבִיאֶ֨יהָ֙
פֹּֽחֲזִ֔ים
אַנְשֵׁ֖י
בֹּֽגְד֑וֹת
כֹּהֲנֶ֨יהָ֙
חִלְּלוּ
קֹ֔דֶשׁ
חָמְס֖וּ
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Οἱ προφῆται αὐτῆς πνευματοφόροι, ἄνδρες καταφρονηταί· ἱερεῖς αὐτῆς βεβηλοῦσι τὰ ἅγια, καὶ ἀσεβοῦσι νόμον.
14 word entries
Οἱ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
προφῆται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- προφῆται
- Transliteration
- prophetai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 36
αὐτῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
πνευματοφόροι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- πνευματοφόροι
- Transliteration
- pneymatophoroi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἄνδρες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἀνήρ
- Transliteration
- andres
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative plural
- Gloss
- men
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Man, male, husband.
- Occurrences
- 1573
καταφρονηταί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- καταφρονηταί
- Transliteration
- kataphronetai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἱερεῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἱερεύς
- Transliteration
- hiereis
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative plural
- Gloss
- priests
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Priest.
- Occurrences
- 817
αὐτῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
βεβηλοῦσι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- βεβηλοῦσι
- Transliteration
- bebeloysi
- Morphology
- verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἅγια
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἅγιος
- Transliteration
- hagios
- Morphology
- adjective, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- holy
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Definition
- Holy, sacred, or set apart.
- Occurrences
- 562
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀσεβοῦσι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀσεβοῦσι
- Transliteration
- aseboysi
- Morphology
- verb, present/future active indicative, 3rd plural
- Gloss
- they ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
νόμον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- νόμος
- Transliteration
- nomos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- law
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Law, custom, or instruction.
- Occurrences
- 332
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܢܒܝ̈ܝܗ̇ ܦܚܙܝܢ ܘܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܥ̇ܘ̈ܠܐ ܟܗ̈ܢܝܗ̇ ܛܘܫܘ ܡܩܕܫܐ ܘܚܛܦܘ ܢܡܘܣܐ
10 word entries
ܢܒܝ̈ܝܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܒܝܝܗ
- Transliteration
- nbyyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܦܚܙܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܚܙܝܢ
- Transliteration
- phzyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܓܒܪ̈ܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܓܒܪܐ
- Transliteration
- wgbr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 92
ܐܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'nwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1636
ܥ̇ܘ̈ܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- 'wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 232
ܟܗ̈ܢܝܗ̇
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܗܢܝܗ
- Transliteration
- khnyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܛܘܫܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܛܘܫܘ
- Transliteration
- twshw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܡܩܕܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܩܕܫܐ
- Transliteration
- mqdsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 46
ܘܚܛܦܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܛܦܘ
- Transliteration
- whtpw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܡܘܣܐ
- Transliteration
- nmws'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 152
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
נְבִיֵי שִׁקְרָא דִי בְגַוָהּ בָּאֲשִׁין גַבְרִין שָׁקְרִין כַּהֲנָתָא מַפְסִין קוּדְשָׁא חָטְפִין בְּאוֹרַיְתָא׃
12 word entries
נְבִיֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נביי
- Transliteration
- nbyy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 77
שִׁקְרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שקרא
- Transliteration
- shqr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 195
דִי
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- די
- Transliteration
- dy
- Morphology
- relative/genitive particle
- Gloss
- of, that, which
- Occurrences
- 1711
בְגַוָהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גוה
- Transliteration
- bgwh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 65
בָּאֲשִׁין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אשין
- Transliteration
- b'shyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
גַבְרִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גברין
- Transliteration
- gbryn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 129
שָׁקְרִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שקרין
- Transliteration
- shqryn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 7
כַּהֲנָתָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- הנתא
- Transliteration
- khnt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
מַפְסִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פסין
- Transliteration
- mpsyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
קוּדְשָׁא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קודשא
- Transliteration
- qwdsh'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 130
חָטְפִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חטפין
- Transliteration
- chtpyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 2
בְּאוֹרַיְתָא׃
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אוריתא
- Transliteration
- b'wryt'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition ב + noun feminine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- in/with law, Torah
- Occurrences
- 299
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Prophetæ ejus vesani, viri infideles; sacerdotes ejus polluerunt sanctum, injuste egerunt contra legem.
13 word entries
prophetae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- propheta
- Transliteration
- prophetae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 506
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
vesani
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uesanus
- Transliteration
- vesani
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
viri
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uir
- Transliteration
- viri
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1641
infideles
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- infidelis
- Transliteration
- infideles
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 28
sacerdotes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sacerdos
- Transliteration
- sacerdotes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 777
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
polluerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- polluo
- Transliteration
- polluerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 146
sanctum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sanctus
- Transliteration
- sanctum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 797
iniuste
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- iniuste
- Transliteration
- iniuste
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 21
egerunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ago
- Transliteration
- egerunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 366
contra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contra
- Transliteration
- contra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 895
legem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lex
- Transliteration
- legem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 596
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Ezekiel 22:26
Her priests have done violence to my law and have profaned my holy things. They have made no distinction between the holy and the common, neither have they caused men to discern between the unclean and the clean, and have hidden their eyes from my Sabbaths. So I am profaned among them.
6 relevance votesHosea 9:7
The days of visitation have come. The days of reckoning have come. Israel will consider the prophet to be a fool, and the man who is inspired to be insane, because of the abundance of your sins, and because your hostility is great.
4 relevance votesLamentations 2:14
Your prophets have seen false and foolish visions for you. They have not uncovered your iniquity, to reverse your captivity, but have seen for you false revelations and causes of banishment.
4 relevance votesMalachi 2:8
But you have turned away from the path. You have caused many to stumble in the law. You have corrupted the covenant of Levi,” says Yahweh of Armies.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 9:15
The elder and the honorable man is the head, and the prophet who teaches lies is the tail.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 5:31
The prophets prophesy falsely, and the priests rule by their own authority; and my people love to have it so. What will you do in the end of it?
3 relevance votes1 John 4:1
Beloved, don’t believe every spirit, but test the spirits, whether they are of God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world.
2 relevance votesMicah 2:11
If a man walking in a spirit of falsehood lies, saying, “I will prophesy to you of wine and of strong drink,” he would be the prophet of this people.
2 relevance votesMatthew 7:15
“Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly are ravening wolves.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 8:10
Therefore I will give their wives to others and their fields to those who will possess them. For everyone from the least even to the greatest is given to covetousness; from the prophet even to the priest everyone deals falsely.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 23:32
Behold, I am against those who prophesy lying dreams,” says Yahweh, “who tell them, and cause my people to err by their lies, and by their vain boasting; yet I didn’t send them or command them. They don’t profit this people at all,” says Yahweh.
2 relevance votes1 Samuel 2:22
Now Eli was very old; and he heard all that his sons did to all Israel, and how that they slept with the women who served at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
2 relevance votes