Zechariah 4

World English Bible, Verse 4

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⁴ I answered and spoke to the angel who talked with me, saying, “What are these, my lord?”

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Zechariah 4:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 60

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וָאַ֙עַן֙ וָֽאֹמַ֔ר אֶל־הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ הַדֹּבֵ֥ר בִּ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר מָה־אֵ֖לֶּה אֲדֹנִֽי׃

10 word entries

וָאַ֨עַן֙

Lemma: c/6030 b
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H6030
Occurrences: 174

וָֽאֹמַ֔ר

Lemma: c/559
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 3026

אֶל

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ

Lemma: d/4397
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4397
Occurrences: 43

הַדֹּבֵ֥ר

Lemma: d/1696
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H1696
Occurrences: 20

בִּ֖י

Lemma: b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 1362

לֵאמֹ֑ר

Lemma: l/559
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 936

מָה

Lemma: 4100
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4100
Occurrences: 449

אֵ֖לֶּה

Lemma: 428
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H428
Occurrences: 320

אֲדֹנִֽי

Lemma: 113
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H113
Occurrences: 271

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐπηρώτησα, καὶ εἶπα πρὸς τὸν ἄγγελον τὸν λαλοῦντα ἐν ἐμοὶ, λέγων, τί ἐστι ταῦτα κύριε;

16 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐπηρώτησα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐπηρώτησα
Transliteration: eperotesa
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

εἶπα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: eipa
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 1st singular
Gloss: I said
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

πρὸς

Status: Machine-aligned lexicon entry
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
Note: Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
Lemma: πρὸς
Transliteration: pros
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with/toward
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: with/toward
Strong's: G4314
Occurrences: 3989

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἄγγελον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἄγγελον
Transliteration: aggelon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 31

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

λαλοῦντα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: λαλοῦντα
Transliteration: laloynta
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

ἐμοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

λέγων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: legon
Morphology: participle, present active masculine nominative singular
Gloss: saying
Part of Speech: participle
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

τί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τίς
Transliteration: tis
Morphology: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Gloss: who, someone
Part of Speech: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Definition: Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
Occurrences: 1124

ἐστι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: esti
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

ταῦτα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

κύριε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܥܢܝܬ ܘܐܡܪܬ ܠܡܠܐܟܐ ܕܡܡܠܠ ܒܝ ܡܢܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܡܪܝ

9 word entries

ܘܥܢܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܢܝܬ
Transliteration: w'nyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 33

ܘܐܡܪܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܡܪܬ
Transliteration: w'mrt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 306

ܠܡܠܐܟܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܠܐܟܐ
Transliteration: lml'k'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 17

ܕܡܡܠܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܡܠܠ
Transliteration: dmmll
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 31

ܒܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܝ
Transliteration: by
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 88

ܡܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢܐ
Transliteration: mn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 299

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܗܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܠܝܢ
Transliteration: hlyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 840

ܡܪܝ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝ
Transliteration: mari
Morphology: noun/title with pronominal or construct force
Gloss: my lord, lord
Occurrences: 161

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַאֲתִיבֵית וַאֲמָרֵית לְמַלְאֲכָא דְמַלֵיל עִמִי לְמֵימַר מַה אִלֵין רִבּוֹנִי׃

9 word entries

וַאֲתִיבֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתיבית
Transliteration: w'tybyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 6

וַאֲמָרֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אמרית
Transliteration: w'mryt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 168

לְמַלְאֲכָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מלאכא
Transliteration: lml'k'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 25

דְמַלֵיל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מליל
Transliteration: dmlyl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 122

עִמִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמי
Transliteration: 'my
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 427

לְמֵימַר

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: lmymr
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + speech root/form
Gloss: to/for to say, saying
Occurrences: 3728

מַה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מה
Transliteration: mh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 417

אִלֵין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלין
Transliteration: 'lyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 298

רִבּוֹנִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רבוני
Transliteration: rbwny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 133

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et respondi, et aio ad angelum qui loquebatur in me, dicens: Quid sunt hæc, domine mi?

16 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

respondi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: respondeo
Transliteration: respondi
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 851

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

aio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aio
Transliteration: aio
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1222

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

angelum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: angelus
Transliteration: angelum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 326

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

loquebatur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: loquor
Transliteration: loquebatur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1543

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: me
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

dicens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dicens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

quid

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quis
Transliteration: quid
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1619

sunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

haec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: haec
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

domine

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: domine
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: mi
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Zechariah 4

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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