26 The furnace tests the temper of steel by dipping; so does wine test hearts in the quarreling of the proud.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Sirach 31:26. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
3
Word Entries
50
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Οὕτως ἄνθρωπος νηστεύων ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάλιν πορευόμενος, καὶ τὰ αὐτὰ ποιῶν· τῆς προσευχῆς αὐτοῦ τίς εἰσακούσεται; καὶ τί ὠφέλησεν ἐν τῷ ταπεινωθῆναι αὐτόν;
26 word entries
Οὕτως
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὕτως
- Transliteration
- houtos
- Morphology
- adverb
- Gloss
- thus, so
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Definition
- Thus, so, in this way.
- Occurrences
- 776
ἄνθρωπος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἄνθρωπος
- Transliteration
- anthropos
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- human, man
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Human being, person, man.
- Occurrences
- 1305
νηστεύων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- νηστεύων
- Transliteration
- nesteyon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
ἐπὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐπί
- Transliteration
- epi
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, over, against
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
- Occurrences
- 6685
τῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἁμαρτιῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἁμαρτία
- Transliteration
- hamartia
- Morphology
- noun, feminine nominative singular
- Gloss
- sin
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Sin, error, or wrongdoing.
- Occurrences
- 450
αὐτοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
πάλιν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- πάλιν
- Transliteration
- palin
- Morphology
- adverb
- Gloss
- again, back
- Part of Speech
- adverb
- Definition
- Again or back.
- Occurrences
- 80
πορευόμενος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πορευόμενος
- Transliteration
- poreyomenos
- Morphology
- nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 24
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
αὐτὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
ποιῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ποιέω
- Transliteration
- poion
- Morphology
- present active participle, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- doing, making
- Part of Speech
- participle
- Definition
- To make, do, perform, or produce.
- Occurrences
- 2253
τῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
προσευχῆς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- προσευχῆς
- Transliteration
- proseyches
- Morphology
- genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 36
αὐτοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
τίς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- τίς
- Transliteration
- tis
- Morphology
- interrogative/indefinite pronoun
- Gloss
- who, someone
- Part of Speech
- interrogative/indefinite pronoun
- Definition
- Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
- Occurrences
- 1124
εἰσακούσεται
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- εἰσακούσεται
- Transliteration
- eisakoysetai
- Morphology
- verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
- Gloss
- he/she/it will ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 18
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
τί
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- τίς
- Transliteration
- tis
- Morphology
- interrogative/indefinite pronoun
- Gloss
- who, someone
- Part of Speech
- interrogative/indefinite pronoun
- Definition
- Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
- Occurrences
- 1124
ὠφέλησεν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ὠφέλησεν
- Transliteration
- ophelesen
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἐν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- preposition with dative
- Gloss
- in, among, with
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the dative.
- Strong's
- G1722
- Occurrences
- 13086
τῷ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ταπεινωθῆναι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ταπεινωθῆναι
- Transliteration
- tapeinothenai
- Morphology
- nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
αὐτόν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܟܙܢܐ ܓܝܪ ܕܟܘܪܐ ܒ̇ܩܐ ܥ̇ܒܕܗ ܕܩܝܢܝܐ ܗܟܢܐ ܚܡܪܐ ܡܓܪܝܢܐ ܗܘ ܕܥܘܠܐ
11 word entries
ܐܟܙܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- >KZN>
- Morphology
- >(JK-ZN/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܓܝܪ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- GJR
- Morphology
- GJR
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܟܘܪܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DKWR>
- Morphology
- D-KWR/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒ̇ܩܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- B^Q>
- Morphology
- BQ(J&>[/
- Occurrences
- 0
ܥ̇ܒܕܗ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- <^BDH
- Morphology
- <BD==/-H
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܩܝܢܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DQJNJ>
- Morphology
- D-QJNJ/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- HKN>
- Morphology
- HKN>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܚܡܪܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- XMR>
- Morphology
- XMR/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܓܪܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MGRJN>
- Morphology
- MGRJN/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- HW
- Morphology
- HW
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܥܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- D<WL>
- Morphology
- D-<WL=/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Audi me, fili, et ne spernas me, et in novissimo invenies verba mea.
13 word entries
audi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
me
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ego
- Transliteration
- me
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 6108
fili
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- filius
- Transliteration
- fili
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 5067
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
ne
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ne
- Transliteration
- ne
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1109
spernas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sperno
- Transliteration
- spernas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 46
me
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ego
- Transliteration
- me
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 6108
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
novissimo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nouus
- Transliteration
- novissimo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 312
invenies
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuenio
- Transliteration
- invenies
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 682
mea
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- meus
- Transliteration
- mea
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4586
verba
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uerbum
- Transliteration
- verba
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1162
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