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Apocrypha · World English Bible

Sirach 28

World English Bible, Verse 13

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¹³ Curse the whisperer and double-tongued, for he has destroyed many who were at peace.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Sirach 28:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 3

Word Entries 30

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ψίθυρον καὶ δίγλωσσον καταρᾶσθαι, πολλοὺς γὰρ εἰρηνεύοντας ἀπώλεσαν.

8 word entries

Ψίθυρον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ψίθυρον
Transliteration: psithyron
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

δίγλωσσον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: δίγλωσσον
Transliteration: diglosson
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καταρᾶσθαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καταρᾶσθαι
Transliteration: katarasthai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

πολλοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πολύς
Transliteration: pollous
Morphology: adjective/substantive, masculine accusative plural
Gloss: many
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Much, many, great, or abundant.
Occurrences: 415

γὰρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γάρ
Transliteration: gar
Morphology: postpositive explanatory conjunction
Gloss: for, because
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Explanatory or causal conjunction.
Occurrences: 1390

εἰρηνεύοντας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: εἰρηνεύοντας
Transliteration: eireneyontas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἀπώλεσαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀπώλεσαν
Transliteration: apolesan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܦ ܠܫܢܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ ܠܝܛ ܢܗܘܐ ܕܩ̈ܛܠܐ ܣܓܝܐ̈ܐ ܐܪܡܝ

8 word entries

ܘܐܦ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W>P
Morphology: W->P
Occurrences: 0

ܠܫܢܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LCN>
Morphology: LCN/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܬܠܝܬܝܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TLJTJ>
Morphology: TLJTJ/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܠܝܛ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LJV
Morphology: L(W&JV[/:p
Occurrences: 0

ܢܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: NHW>
Morphology: !N!HW(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܕܩ̈ܛܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DQ"VL>
Morphology: D-QVL=/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܣܓܝܐ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: SGJ>">
Morphology: SGJ>/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܐܪܡܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >RMJ
Morphology: ]>]RMJ[
Occurrences: 0

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Certamen festinatum incendit ignem, et lis festinans effundit sanguinem: et lingua testificans adducit mortem.

14 word entries

certamen

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: certamen
Transliteration: certamen
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 29

festinatum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: festino
Transliteration: festinatum
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 84

incendit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: incendo
Transliteration: incendit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 60

ignem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ignis
Transliteration: ignem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 540

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

lis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lis
Transliteration: lis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8

festinans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: festino
Transliteration: festinans
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 84

effundit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: effundo
Transliteration: effundit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 162

sanguinem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sanguis
Transliteration: sanguinem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 475

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

lingua

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lingua
Transliteration: lingua
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 219

testificans

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: testificor
Transliteration: testificans
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 33

adducit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: adduco
Transliteration: adducit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 281

mortem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mors
Transliteration: mortem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 408

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