Ruth
Chapter 4
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Verse 7
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World English Bible

Ruth 4

World English Bible, Verse 7

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7 Now this was the custom in former time in Israel concerning redeeming and concerning exchanging, to confirm all things: a man took off his sandal, and gave it to his neighbor; and this was the way of formalizing transactions in Israel.

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ruth 4:7. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5
Word Entries 148
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וְזֹאת֩ לְפָנִ֨ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל עַל־הַגְּאוּלָּ֤ה וְעַל־הַתְּמוּרָה֙ לְקַיֵּ֣ם כָּל־דָּבָ֔ר שָׁלַ֥ף אִ֛ישׁ נַעֲל֖וֹ וְנָתַ֣ן לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ וְזֹ֥את הַתְּעוּדָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

18 word entries
וְזֹאת֩
Lemma
c/2063
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + pronoun
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H2063
Occurrences
25
לְפָנִ֨ים
Lemma
l/6440
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural absolute
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H6440
Occurrences
1012
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל
Lemma
b/3478
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H3478
Occurrences
120
עַל
Lemma
5921 a
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H5921
Occurrences
4903
הַגְּאוּלָּ֤ה
Lemma
d/1353
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H1353
Occurrences
3
וְעַל
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + preposition
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H5921
Occurrences
543
הַתְּמוּרָה֙
Lemma
d/8545
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H8545
Occurrences
1
לְקַיֵּ֣ם
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + verb piel infinitive construct
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H6965
Occurrences
23
כָּל
Lemma
3605
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H3605
Occurrences
3268
דָּבָ֔ר
Lemma
1697
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H1697
Occurrences
866
שָׁלַ֥ף
Lemma
8025
Morphology
Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
H8025
Occurrences
23
אִ֛ישׁ
Lemma
376
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H376
Occurrences
1458
נַעֲל֖וֹ
Lemma
5275
Morphology
Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech
noun
Strong's
H5275
Occurrences
12
וְנָתַ֣ן
Lemma
c/5414
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H5414
Occurrences
746
לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ
Lemma
l/7453
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H7453
Occurrences
29
וְזֹ֥את
Lemma
c/2063
Morphology
Hebrew: conjunction + pronoun
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
H2063
Occurrences
25
הַתְּעוּדָ֖ה
Lemma
d/8584
Morphology
Hebrew: particle definite article + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech
particle
Strong's
H8584
Occurrences
1
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל
Lemma
b/3478
Morphology
Hebrew: preposition + noun proper
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
H3478
Occurrences
120
Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ τοῦτο τὸ δικαίωμα ἔμπροσθεν ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀγχιστείαν, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἀντάλλαγμα τοῦ στῆσαι πάντα λόγον· καὶ ὑπελύετο ἀνὴρ τὸ ὑπόδημα αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐδίδου τῷ πλησίον αὐτοῦ τῷ ἀγχιστεύοντι τὴν ἀγχιστείαν αὐτοῦ· καὶ τοῦτο ἦν μαρτύριον ἐν Ἰσραήλ.

41 word entries
Καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
τοῦτο
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
houtos
Morphology
demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
this one
Part of Speech
demonstrative pronoun
Definition
This, these.
Occurrences
3767
τὸ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
δικαίωμα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
dikaioma
Morphology
nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
77
ἔμπροσθεν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
emprosthen
Morphology
adverb/preposition
Gloss
before, in front of
Part of Speech
adverb/preposition
Definition
Before, in front of, or in the presence of.
Occurrences
128
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
τῷ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
Ἰσραὴλ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Israel
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
Israel
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences
2695
ἐπὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐπί
Transliteration
epi
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences
6685
τὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἀγχιστείαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
agchisteian
Morphology
aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss
they ... / ...
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
4
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐπὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐπί
Transliteration
epi
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences
6685
τὸ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἀντάλλαγμα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
antallagma
Morphology
nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
8
τοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
στῆσαι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
stesai
Morphology
Greek -σαι form; likely aorist infinitive or middle/passive verb form depending on context
Gloss
to ...
Part of Speech
infinitive/verb form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
18
πάντα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
πᾶς
Transliteration
pas
Morphology
adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
all, every
Part of Speech
adjective
Definition
All, every, whole.
Occurrences
6138
λόγον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
logon
Morphology
noun, masculine accusative singular
Gloss
word, matter
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Word, speech, account, matter, or reason.
Strong's
G3056
Occurrences
1103
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ὑπελύετο
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
ypelyeto
Morphology
verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss
he/she was ...
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
ἀνὴρ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
aner
Morphology
noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss
man, husband
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Man, male, husband.
Occurrences
1573
τὸ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ὑπόδημα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
ypodema
Morphology
nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
8
αὐτοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐδίδου
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
edidoy
Morphology
genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss
of ...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
5
τῷ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
πλησίον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
plesion
Morphology
adverb/substantive, indeclinable or neuter accusative singular
Gloss
near, neighbor
Part of Speech
adverb/substantive
Definition
Near, nearby, or neighbor depending on use.
Occurrences
199
αὐτοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
τῷ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἀγχιστεύοντι
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
agchisteyonti
Morphology
dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
τὴν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
ἀγχιστείαν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
agchisteian
Morphology
aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
Gloss
they ... / ...
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
4
αὐτοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
autos
Morphology
pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
he, himself
Part of Speech
pronoun
Definition
Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences
26672
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
τοῦτο
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
houtos
Morphology
demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
this one
Part of Speech
demonstrative pronoun
Definition
This, these.
Occurrences
3767
ἦν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
en
Morphology
verb, imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss
he/she/it was
Part of Speech
verb
Definition
To be or exist.
Strong's
G1510
Occurrences
5427
μαρτύριον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
martyrion
Morphology
accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
204
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
Ἰσραήλ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
Israel
Morphology
proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss
Israel
Part of Speech
proper noun
Definition
Israel; the patriarch, people, or land depending on context.
Occurrences
2695
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܗܕܐ ܬܒܥܬܐ̣ ܗܐ ܩܘܕܡܬ ܒ̈ܢܝ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ. ܘܫܘܚܠܦܐ ܕܬܒܥܬܐ ܠܡܩܡܘ. ܫ̇ܪܐ ܓܒܪܐ ܡܣܢܗ̣. ܘܝܗ̇ܒ ܠܚܒܪܗ. ܘܗܕܐ ܗܝ ܣܗܕܘܬܐ ܒܐܝܣܪܝܠ

18 word entries
ܘܗܕܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
whd'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
21
ܬܒܥܬܐ̣
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
tb't'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
10
ܗܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܗܐ
Transliteration
h'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
591
ܩܘܕܡܬ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
qwdmt
Morphology
possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences
2
ܒ̈ܢܝ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܒܢܝ
Transliteration
bnay
Morphology
noun, masculine construct plural
Gloss
sons, children of
Occurrences
882
ܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'ysryl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
809
ܘܫܘܚܠܦܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wshwhlp'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
2
ܕܬܒܥܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dtb't'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
6
ܠܡܩܡܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lmqmw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
10
ܫ̇ܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܫܪܐ
Transliteration
shr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
24
ܓܒܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
gbr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
622
ܡܣܢܗ̣
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
msnh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
1
ܘܝܗ̇ܒ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wyhb
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
130
ܠܚܒܪܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lhbrh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
40
ܘܗܕܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
whd'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
21
ܗܝ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܝ
Transliteration
hi
Morphology
pronoun/copula, feminine singular
Gloss
she, it, is
Occurrences
578
ܣܗܕܘܬܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
shdwt'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
10
ܒܐܝܣܪܝܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
b'ysryl
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
64
Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וּכְהַדָא מִנְהַגָא בְּעִדָּנָא דְּמִלְּקַדְמִין מִתְנַהֲגָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בִּזְמָן דְּשָׁקְלָן וְטָרַן וּפָרְקָן וּמַחְלְפָן חַד מִן חַבְרֵיהּ וּמְקַיְּמִין כָּל מִדָּעַם וּטְלַע גְּבַר נַרְתֵּיק יַד יַמִּינֵיהּ וְאוֹשֵׁיט בֵּיהּ קִנְיָן לְחַבְרֵיהּ וְהַכִין נָהֲגִין בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִקְנֵי חַד מִן חַבְרֵיהּ קֳדָם סָהֲדַיָּא׃

36 word entries
וּכְהַדָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wkhd'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
1
מִנְהַגָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
mnhg'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
1
בְּעִדָּנָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
b'dn'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
140
דְּמִלְּקַדְמִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
dmlqdmyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
21
מִתְנַהֲגָא
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
mtnhg'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
1
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
byshr'l
Morphology
prefixed preposition ב + proper noun
Gloss
in/with Israel
Occurrences
2312
בִּזְמָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
זמן
Transliteration
bzmn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
157
דְּשָׁקְלָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
dshqln
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
2
וְטָרַן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
טרן
Transliteration
wtrn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
3
וּפָרְקָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wprqn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
2
וּמַחְלְפָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wmchlpn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
1
חַד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
חד
Transliteration
chd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
373
מִן
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מן
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
from, out of, than
Occurrences
2836
חַבְרֵיהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
chbryh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
101
וּמְקַיְּמִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
wmqymyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
4
כָּל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
כל
Transliteration
kl
Morphology
collective noun/adjective
Gloss
all, every
Occurrences
2135
מִדָּעַם
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
דעם
Transliteration
md'm
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
98
וּטְלַע
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
טלע
Transliteration
wtl'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
2
גְּבַר
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
גבר
Transliteration
gbr
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
627
נַרְתֵּיק
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
nrtyq
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
2
יַד
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
יד
Transliteration
yd
Morphology
noun feminine singular
Gloss
hand, power
Occurrences
92
יַמִּינֵיהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
ymynyh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
21
וְאוֹשֵׁיט
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
w'wshyt
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
32
בֵּיהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
ביה
Transliteration
byh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
359
קִנְיָן
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
qnyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
7
לְחַבְרֵיהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lchbryh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
101
וְהַכִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
whkyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
1
נָהֲגִין
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
nhgyn
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
1
בֵּית
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
בית
Transliteration
byt
Morphology
noun construct/absolute
Gloss
house, household
Occurrences
2611
יִשְׂרָאֵל
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Transliteration
yshr'l
Morphology
proper noun
Gloss
Israel
Occurrences
2312
לְמִקְנֵי
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
lmqny
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences
13
חַד
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma
חד
Transliteration
chd
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
373
מִן
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
מן
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
preposition
Gloss
from, out of, than
Occurrences
2836
חַבְרֵיהּ
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
chbryh
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences
101
קֳדָם
Confidence
medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note
Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma
קדם
Transliteration
qdm
Morphology
prepositional or nominal form
Gloss
before, in front of, east
Occurrences
2023
סָהֲדַיָּא׃
Status
Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence
low aramaic preliminary
Note
Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Transliteration
shdy'
Morphology
preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences
3
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Hic autem erat mos antiquitus in Israël inter propinquos, ut siquando alter alteri suo juri cedebat, ut esset firma concessio, solvebat homo calceamentum suum, et dabat proximo suo: hoc erat testimonium cessionis in Israël.

35 word entries
hic
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
hic
Transliteration
hic
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
4646
autem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
autem
Transliteration
autem
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
5069
erat
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
erat
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
mos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
mos
Transliteration
mos
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
43
antiquitus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
antiquitus
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
5
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
Israhel
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Israel
Transliteration
Israhel
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
2547
inter
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
inter
Transliteration
inter
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
502
propinquos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
propinquos
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
10
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
si
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
si
Transliteration
si
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
1970
quando
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
quando
Transliteration
quando
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
289
alter
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
alter
Transliteration
alter
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
319
alteri
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
alter
Transliteration
alteri
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
319
suo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
suus
Transliteration
suo
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
5783
iure
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ius
Transliteration
iure
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
33
cedebat
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
cedo
Transliteration
cedebat
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
45
ut
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ut
Transliteration
ut
Morphology
GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences
4533
esset
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
esset
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
firma
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
firmus
Transliteration
firma
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
41
concessio
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
concessio
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1
solvebat
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
soluo
Transliteration
solvebat
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
88
homo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
homo
Transliteration
homo
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1653
calciamentum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
calciamentum
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
32
suum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
suus
Transliteration
suum
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
5783
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
dabat
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
do
Transliteration
dabat
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
2116
proximo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
propior
Transliteration
proximo
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
158
suo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
suus
Transliteration
suo
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
5783
hoc
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
hic
Transliteration
hoc
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
4646
erat
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
erat
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
testimonium
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
testimonium
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
298
cessionis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
cessio
Transliteration
cessionis
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1
in
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
in
Transliteration
in
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss
in
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
in, into, among, on
Etymology
Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences
22264
Israhel
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
Israel
Transliteration
Israhel
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
2547
Chapter 4 of 4 Verse 7 of 22