13 Even as it is written, “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 9:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
33
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Καθὼς γέγραπται, Τὸν Ἰακὼβ ἠγάπησα, τὸν δὲ Ἠσαῦ ἐμίσησα.
9 word entries
Καθὼς
γέγραπται
Τὸν
Ἰακὼβ
ἠγάπησα
τὸν
δὲ
Ἠσαῦ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
καθὼς γέγραπται, τὸν Ἰακὼβ ἠγάπησα, τὸν δὲ Ἠσαῦ ἐμίσησα.
9 word entries
τὸν
τὸν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܝܟ ܕܟܬܝܒ ܕܠܝܥܩܘܒ ܪܚܡܬ ܘܠܥܣܘ ܣܢܝܬ
6 word entries
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 681
ܕܟܬܝܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܬܝܒ
- Transliteration
- dktyb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 50
ܕܠܝܥܩܘܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܝܥܩܘܒ
- Transliteration
- dly'qwb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܪܚܡܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܚܡܬ
- Transliteration
- rhmt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܠܥܣܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܥܣܘ
- Transliteration
- wl'sw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܣܢܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܢܝܬ
- Transliteration
- snyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
sicut scriptum est: Jacob dilexi, Esau autem odio habui.
9 word entries
sicut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sicut
- Transliteration
- sicut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 1559
scriptum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scribo
- Transliteration
- scriptum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 451
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Iacob
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iacob
- Transliteration
- Iacob
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 364
dilexi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- diligo
- Transliteration
- dilexi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 338
Esau
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Esau
- Transliteration
- Esau
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 82
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
odio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- odium
- Transliteration
- odio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 57
habui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- habeo
- Transliteration
- habui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1641
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Matthew 10:37
He who loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; and he who loves son or daughter more than me isn’t worthy of me.
0 relevance votesGenesis 29:33
She conceived again, and bore a son, and said, “Because Yahweh has heard that I am hated, he has therefore given me this son also.” She named him Simeon.
0 relevance votesLuke 14:26
“If anyone comes to me, and doesn’t disregard his own father, mother, wife, children, brothers, and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he can’t be my disciple.
0 relevance votesJohn 12:25
He who loves his life will lose it. He who hates his life in this world will keep it to eternal life.
0 relevance votesGenesis 29:31
Yahweh saw that Leah was hated, and he opened her womb, but Rachel was barren.
0 relevance votesProverbs 13:24
One who spares the rod hates his son, but one who loves him is careful to discipline him.
0 relevance votesDeuteronomy 21:15
If a man has two wives, the one beloved and the other hated, and they have borne him children, both the beloved and the hated, and if the firstborn son is hers who was hated,
0 relevance votes