10 Let their eyes be darkened, that they may not see. Always keep their backs bent.”
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 11:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
46
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύγκαμψον.
15 word entries
skotisqhtwsan
- Lemma
- skotisqhtwsan
- Transliteration
- skotisqhtwsan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist passive imperative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4654
- Occurrences
- 1
oi
ofqalmoi
autwn
tou
mh
blepein
kai
ton
nwton
autwn
diapantov
dia
pantov
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διαπαντὸς σύνκαμψον.
13 word entries
οἱ
τοῦ
καὶ
τὸν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܢܚܫܟܢ ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ ܕܠܐ ܢܚܙܘܢ ܘܚܨܗܘܢ ܒܟܠܙܒܢ ܢܗܘܐ ܟܦܝܦ
8 word entries
ܢܚܫܟܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܚܫܟܢ
- Transliteration
- nhshkn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܝܢܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'ynyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 19
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܢܚܙܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܚܙܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nhzwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 12
ܘܚܨܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܨܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- whshwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܟܠܙܒܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܠܙܒܢ
- Transliteration
- bklzbn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 41
ܢܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- nhw'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 198
ܟܦܝܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܦܝܦ
- Transliteration
- kpyp
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Obscurentur oculi eorum ne videant: et dorsum eorum semper incurva.
10 word entries
obscurentur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- obscuro
- Transliteration
- obscurentur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 17
oculi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- oculus
- Transliteration
- oculi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 682
eorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
ne
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ne
- Transliteration
- ne
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1109
videant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uideo
- Transliteration
- videant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1988
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
dorsum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dorsum
- Transliteration
- dorsum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 24
illorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
semper
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- semper
- Transliteration
- semper
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 180
incurva
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- incuruo
- Transliteration
- incurva
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 26
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 69:23
Let their eyes be darkened, so that they can’t see. Let their backs be continually bent.
8 relevance votes2 Peter 2:4
For if God didn’t spare angels when they sinned, but cast them down to Tartarus, and committed them to pits of darkness to be reserved for judgment;
3 relevance votesRomans 11:8
According as it is written, “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear, to this very day.”
3 relevance votesRomans 1:21
Because knowing God, they didn’t glorify him as God, and didn’t give thanks, but became vain in their reasoning, and their senseless heart was darkened.
3 relevance votesEphesians 4:18
being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of their hearts.
3 relevance votesIsaiah 65:12
I will destine you to the sword, and you will all bow down to the slaughter; because when I called, you didn’t answer. When I spoke, you didn’t listen; but you did that which was evil in my eyes, and chose that in which I didn’t delight.”
2 relevance votesJude 1:13
wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever.
2 relevance votes2 Peter 2:17
These are wells without water, clouds driven by a storm, for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever.
2 relevance votesZechariah 11:17
Woe to the worthless shepherd who leaves the flock! The sword will strike his arm and his right eye. His arm will be completely withered, and his right eye will be totally blinded!”
2 relevance votesJude 1:6
Angels who didn’t keep their first domain, but deserted their own dwelling place, he has kept in everlasting bonds under darkness for the judgment of the great day.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 51:23
I will put it into the hand of those who afflict you, who have said to your soul, ‘Bow down, that we may walk over you;’ and you have laid your back as the ground, like a street to those who walk over.”
1 relevance votes