8 “To the angel of the assembly in Smyrna write: “The first and the last, who was dead, and has come to life says these things:
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Revelation 2:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
66
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Καὶ τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐκκλησίας Σμυρναίων γράψον, Τάδε λέγει ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος, ὃς ἐγένετο νεκρὸς καὶ ἔζησεν·
19 word entries
Καὶ
τῷ
ἀγγέλῳ
τῆς
ἐκκλησίας
Σμυρναίων
γράψον
Τάδε
λέγει
ὁ
πρῶτος
καὶ
ὁ
ἔσχατος
ὃς
ἐγένετο
νεκρὸς
καὶ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Καὶ τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Ζμύρνῃ ἐκκλησίας γράψον· τάδε λέγει ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος, ὃς ἐγένετο νεκρὸς καὶ ἔζησεν·
20 word entries
Καὶ
τῷ
τῆς
ἐν
ὁ
καὶ
ὁ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܠܡܠܐܟܐ ܕܥܕܬܐ ܕܙܡܘܪܢܐ ܟܬܘܒ ܗܟܢܐ ܐܡܪ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܘܐܚܪܝܐ ܗܘ ܕܗܘܐ ܡܝܬܐ ܘܚܝܐ
12 word entries
ܘܠܡܠܐܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܡܠܐܟܐ
- Transliteration
- wlml'k'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 9
ܕܥܕܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܕܬܐ
- Transliteration
- d'dt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 14
ܕܙܡܘܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܙܡܘܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- dzmwrn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܟܬܘܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܬܘܒ
- Transliteration
- ktwb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 14
ܗܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- hkn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 220
ܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- emar
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 885
ܩܕܡܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܡܝܐ
- Transliteration
- qdmy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 62
ܘܐܚܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܚܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- w'hry'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܕܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- dhw'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 58
ܡܝܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܝܬܐ
- Transliteration
- myt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 113
ܘܚܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܝܐ
- Transliteration
- why'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 16
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et angelo Smyrnæ ecclesiæ scribe: Hæc dicit primus, et novissimus, qui fuit mortuus, et vivit:
15 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
angelo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- angelus
- Transliteration
- angelo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 326
Zmyrnae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Smyrna
- Transliteration
- Zmyrnae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 2
ecclesiae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ecclesia
- Transliteration
- ecclesiae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 163
scribe
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scribo
- Transliteration
- scribe
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 451
haec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- haec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
dicit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dicit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
primus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- primus
- Transliteration
- primus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 238
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
novissimus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nouus
- Transliteration
- novissimus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 312
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
fuit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- fuit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
mortuus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mortuus
- Transliteration
- mortuus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 240
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
vivit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uiuo
- Transliteration
- vivit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 524
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Revelation 1:8
“I am the Alpha and the Omega, ” says the Lord God, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”
7 relevance votesRevelation 1:11
saying, “What you see, write in a book and send to the seven assemblies: to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and to Laodicea.”
4 relevance votesRevelation 2:1
“To the angel of the assembly in Ephesus write: “He who holds the seven stars in his right hand, he who walks among the seven golden lamp stands says these things:
2 relevance votes