8 The fourth poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was given to him to scorch men with fire.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Revelation 16:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
64
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Καὶ ὁ τέταρτος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεε τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἥλιον· καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ καυματίσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐν πυρί.
19 word entries
Καὶ
ὁ
τέταρτος
ἄγγελος
ἐξέχεε
τὴν
φιάλην
αὐτοῦ
ἐπὶ
τὸν
ἥλιον
καὶ
ἐδόθη
αὐτῷ
καυματίσαι
- Lemma
- kaumatisai
- Transliteration
- kaumatisai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist active infinitive
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2739
- Occurrences
- 1
τοὺς
ἀνθρώπους
ἐν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Καὶ ὁ τέταρτος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἥλιον· καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ καυματίσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐν πυρί.
18 word entries
Καὶ
ὁ
τὴν
τὸν
καὶ
τοὺς
ἐν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܡܠܐܟܐ ܕܐܪܒܥܐ ܐܫܕ ܙܒܘܪܗ ܥܠ ܫܡܫܐ ܘܐܬܝܗܒ ܠܗ ܕܢܚܡ ܠܒܢܝܢܫܐ ܒܢܘܪܐ
11 word entries
ܘܡܠܐܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܠܐܟܐ
- Transliteration
- wml'k'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 8
ܕܐܪܒܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܪܒܥܐ
- Transliteration
- d'rb''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܐܫܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܫܕ
- Transliteration
- 'shd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 6
ܙܒܘܪܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܒܘܪܗ
- Transliteration
- zbwrh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 7
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܫܡܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܫܐ
- Transliteration
- shmsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 21
ܘܐܬܝܗܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܬܝܗܒ
- Transliteration
- w'tyhb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 19
ܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗ
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1592
ܕܢܚܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܚܡ
- Transliteration
- dnhm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܒܢܝܢܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܒܢܝܢܫܐ
- Transliteration
- lbnynsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 27
ܒܢܘܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܢܘܪܐ
- Transliteration
- bnwr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 18
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et quartus angelus effudit phialam suam in solem, et datum est illi æstu affligere homines, et igni:
16 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
quartus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quartus
- Transliteration
- quartus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 92
effudit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- effundo
- Transliteration
- effudit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 162
fialam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- phiala
- Transliteration
- fialam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
suam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
solem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sol
- Transliteration
- solem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 201
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
datum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- do
- Transliteration
- datum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 2116
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
illi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
aestu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aestus
- Transliteration
- aestu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 18
adficere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- afficio
- Transliteration
- adficere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 13
homines
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- homo
- Transliteration
- homines
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1653
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
igni
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ignis
- Transliteration
- igni
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 540
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Luke 21:25
“There will be signs in the sun, moon, and stars; and on the earth anxiety of nations, in perplexity for the roaring of the sea and the waves;
6 relevance votesRevelation 14:18
Another angel came out from the altar, he who has power over fire, and he called with a great voice to him who had the sharp sickle, saying, “Send your sharp sickle and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth, for the earth’s grapes are fully ripe!”
6 relevance votesActs 2:20
The sun will be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes.
6 relevance votesJonah 4:8
When the sun arose, God prepared a sultry east wind; and the sun beat on Jonah’s head, so that he was faint and requested for himself that he might die. He said, “It is better for me to die than to live.”
6 relevance votesRevelation 7:16
They will never be hungry or thirsty any more. The sun won’t beat on them, nor any heat;
5 relevance votesMatthew 13:6
When the sun had risen, they were scorched. Because they had no root, they withered away.
4 relevance votesRevelation 8:12
The fourth angel sounded, and one third of the sun was struck, and one third of the moon, and one third of the stars, so that one third of them would be darkened; and the day wouldn’t shine for one third of it, and the night in the same way.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 24:23
Then the moon will be confounded, and the sun ashamed; for Yahweh of Armies will reign on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem; and glory will be before his elders.
4 relevance votesRevelation 9:2
He opened the pit of the abyss, and smoke went up out of the pit, like the smoke from a burning furnace. The sun and the air were darkened because of the smoke from the pit.
4 relevance votesRevelation 6:12
I saw when he opened the sixth seal, and there was a great earthquake. The sun became black as sackcloth made of hair, and the whole moon became as blood.
4 relevance votes