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World English Bible

Psalms 80

World English Bible, Verse 6

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⁶ You make us a source of contention to our neighbors. Our enemies laugh among themselves.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 80:6. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 55

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הֶ֭אֱכַלְתָּם לֶ֣חֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה וַ֝תַּשְׁקֵ֗מוֹ בִּדְמָע֥וֹת שָׁלִֽישׁ׃

6 word entries

הֶ֭אֱכַלְתָּם

Lemma: 398
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 2rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H398
Occurrences: 481

לֶ֣חֶם

Lemma: 3899
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3899
Occurrences: 232

דִּמְעָ֑ה

Lemma: 1832
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1832
Occurrences: 17

וַ֝תַּשְׁקֵ֗מוֹ

Lemma: c/8248
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hiphil sequential imperfect 2rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8248
Occurrences: 31

בִּדְמָע֥וֹת

Lemma: b/1832
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1832
Occurrences: 4

שָׁלִֽישׁ

Lemma: 7991 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7991
Occurrences: 1

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Μαρτύριον ἐν τῷ Ἰωσὴφ ἔθετο αὐτὸν, ἐν τῷ ἐξελθεῖν αὐτὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου· γλῶσσαν ἣν οὐκ ἔγνω, ἤκουσεν.

18 word entries

Μαρτύριον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μαρτύριον
Transliteration: martyrion
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 204

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Ἰωσὴφ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Ἰωσήφ
Transliteration: Ioseph
Morphology: proper noun, indeclinable
Gloss: Joseph
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Joseph.
Occurrences: 225

ἔθετο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τίθημι
Transliteration: etheto
Morphology: verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it placed, set
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To put, place, set.
Occurrences: 81

αὐτὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐξελθεῖν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξελθεῖν
Transliteration: exelthein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

αὐτὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

γῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γῆ
Transliteration: ges
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular
Gloss: of earth, of land
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's: G1093
Occurrences: 2962

Αἰγύπτου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: Αἴγυπτος
Transliteration: Aigyptou
Morphology: proper noun, genitive singular
Gloss: of Egypt
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Egypt.
Occurrences: 600

γλῶσσαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γλῶσσαν
Transliteration: glossan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

ἣν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: hen
Morphology: relative pronoun, accusative feminine singular
Gloss: whom, which
Part of Speech: relative pronoun
Definition: Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences: 4123

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἔγνω

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γινώσκω
Transliteration: egno
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it knew
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To know, recognize, perceive, or understand.
Occurrences: 284

ἤκουσεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀκούω
Transliteration: ekousen
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it heard
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To hear, listen, or obey.
Occurrences: 438

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܘܟܠܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܚܡܐ ܒܕܡܥܬܐ ܘܐܫܩܝܬ ܐܢܘܢ ܒܕܡܥܬܐ

7 word entries

ܐܘܟܠܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܘܟܠܬ
Transliteration: 'wklt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 2

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܠܚܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܚܡܐ
Transliteration: lhm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 108

ܒܕܡܥܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܕܡܥܬܐ
Transliteration: bdm't'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 3

ܘܐܫܩܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܫܩܝܬ
Transliteration: w'shqyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

ܐܢܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܘܢ
Transliteration: 'nwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1636

ܒܕܡܥܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܕܡܥܬܐ
Transliteration: bdm't'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אוֹכַלְתָּא לְהוֹן לְחַם טְמִישׁ בְּדִמְעֲתָא וְאַשְׁקֵיתָן חֲמַר דִמְעָא תִּלְתָּי׃

9 word entries

אוֹכַלְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אוכלתא
Transliteration: 'wklt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

לְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הון
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1262

לְחַם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לחם
Transliteration: lchm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 79

טְמִישׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טמיש
Transliteration: tmysh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

בְּדִמְעֲתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דמעתא
Transliteration: bdm't'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

וְאַשְׁקֵיתָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשקיתן
Transliteration: w'shqytn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

חֲמַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חמר
Transliteration: chmr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 79

דִמְעָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מעא
Transliteration: dm''
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

תִּלְתָּי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תלתי
Transliteration: tlty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Testimonium in Joseph posuit illud, cum exiret de terra Ægypti; linguam quam non noverat, audivit.

15 word entries

testimonium

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: testimonium
Transliteration: testimonium
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 298

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

Ioseph

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ioseph
Transliteration: Ioseph
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 185

posuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pono
Transliteration: posuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 894

illud

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ille
Transliteration: illud
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4947

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 5272

exiret

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: exeo
Transliteration: exiret
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 321

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

terra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terra
Transliteration: terra
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: earth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: earth, land, ground
Etymology: Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences: 3087

Aegypti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Aegyptus
Transliteration: Aegypti
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 617

linguam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lingua
Transliteration: linguam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 219

quam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

noverat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nosco
Transliteration: noverat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 196

audivit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: audio
Transliteration: audivit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1534

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Psalms 79:4

We have become a reproach to our neighbors, a scoffing and derision to those who are around us.

4 relevance votes

Jeremiah 48:27

For wasn’t Israel a derision to you? Was he found among thieves? For as often as you speak of him, you shake your head.

2 relevance votes

Revelation 11:10

Those who dwell on the earth will rejoice over them, and they will be glad. They will give gifts to one another, because these two prophets tormented those who dwell on the earth.

2 relevance votes

Isaiah 36:8

Now therefore, please make a pledge to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give you two thousand horses, if you are able on your part to set riders on them.

2 relevance votes

Ezekiel 36:4

therefore, you mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord Yahweh: The Lord Yahweh says to the mountains and to the hills, to the watercourses and to the valleys, to the desolate wastes and to the cities that are forsaken, which have become a prey and derision to the residue of the nations that are all around;

2 relevance votes

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Psalms 80

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Psalms 79:4

Jeremiah 48:27

Revelation 11:10

Isaiah 36:8

Ezekiel 36:4

Judges 16:25

Isaiah 37:23

Jeremiah 15:10