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World English Bible

Psalms 72

World English Bible, Verse 10

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¹⁰ The kings of Tarshish and of the islands will bring tribute. The kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer gifts.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 72:10. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 57

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מַלְכֵ֬י תַרְשִׁ֣ישׁ וְ֭אִיִּים מִנְחָ֣ה יָשִׁ֑יבוּ מַלְכֵ֥י שְׁבָ֥א וּ֝סְבָ֗א אֶשְׁכָּ֥ר יַקְרִֽיבוּ׃

10 word entries

מַלְכֵ֬י

Lemma: 4428
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4428
Occurrences: 1112

תַרְשִׁ֣ישׁ

Lemma: 8659
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8659
Occurrences: 24

וְ֭אִיִּים

Lemma: c/339
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H339
Occurrences: 2

מִנְחָ֣ה

Lemma: 4503
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4503
Occurrences: 92

יָשִׁ֑יבוּ

Lemma: 7725
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7725
Occurrences: 534

מַלְכֵ֥י

Lemma: 4428
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4428
Occurrences: 1112

שְׁבָ֥א

Lemma: 7614
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7614
Occurrences: 21

וּ֝סְבָ֗א

Lemma: c/5434
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5434
Occurrences: 2

אֶשְׁכָּ֥ר

Lemma: 814
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H814
Occurrences: 2

יַקְרִֽיבוּ

Lemma: 7126
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7126
Occurrences: 136

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Διὰ τοῦτο ἐπιστρέψει ὁ λαός μου ἐνταῦθα, καὶ ἡμέραι πλήρεις εὑρεθήσονται ἐν αὐτοῖς.

13 word entries

Διὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: διά
Transliteration: dia
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: through, because of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of διά.
Occurrences: 881

τοῦτο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

ἐπιστρέψει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐπιστρέψει
Transliteration: epistrepsei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 39

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

λαός

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαός
Transliteration: laos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: People, nation, or community.
Occurrences: 1841

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

ἐνταῦθα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐνταῦθα
Transliteration: entaytha
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 28

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἡμέραι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἡμέρα
Transliteration: hemera
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: day
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Day.
Occurrences: 2366

πλήρεις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πλήρεις
Transliteration: plereis
Morphology: Greek -εις form; likely verb 2nd singular or plural noun/adjective depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

εὑρεθήσονται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: εὑρεθήσονται
Transliteration: eyrethesontai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

αὐτοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡ̈ܠܟܐ ܕܬܪܫܝܫ ܘܕܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ ܩܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܢܝܬܘܢ ܠܗ ܡ̈ܠܟܐ ܕܫܒܐ ܘܕܣܒܐ ܩܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ ܢܩܪܒܘܢ

11 word entries

ܡ̈ܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܠܟܐ
Transliteration: malka
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: king
Occurrences: 1870

ܕܬܪܫܝܫ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܬܪܫܝܫ
Transliteration: dtrshysh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 7

ܘܕܓܙܪ̈ܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܓܙܪܬܐ
Transliteration: wdgzrt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܩܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܘܪܒܢܐ
Transliteration: qwrbn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 100

ܢܝܬܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܝܬܘܢ
Transliteration: nytwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 7

ܠܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܡ̈ܠܟܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܠܟܐ
Transliteration: malka
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: king
Occurrences: 1870

ܕܫܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܫܒܐ
Transliteration: dshb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 16

ܘܕܣܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܣܒܐ
Transliteration: wdsb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܩܘܪ̈ܒܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܘܪܒܢܐ
Transliteration: qwrbn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 100

ܢܩܪܒܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܩܪܒܘܢ
Transliteration: nqrbwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 7

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מַלְכַיָא דְטַרְסִיס וְגִיסֵי יַמָא דְאוֹקְיָנוּס תִּקְרֻבְתָּא יְתִיבוּן מַלְכַיָא דִשְׁבָא וּסְבָא דוֹרוֹן יִקְרְבוּן׃

12 word entries

מַלְכַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לכיא
Transliteration: mlky'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 125

דְטַרְסִיס

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טרסיס
Transliteration: dtrsys
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

וְגִיסֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גיסי
Transliteration: wgysy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

יַמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ימא
Transliteration: ym'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 284

דְאוֹקְיָנוּס

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אוקינוס
Transliteration: d'wqynws
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

תִּקְרֻבְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקרבתא
Transliteration: tqrbt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

יְתִיבוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתיבון
Transliteration: ytybwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

מַלְכַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לכיא
Transliteration: mlky'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 125

דִשְׁבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שבא
Transliteration: dshb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 29

וּסְבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סבא
Transliteration: wsb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 19

דוֹרוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ורון
Transliteration: dwrwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 9

יִקְרְבוּן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יקרבון
Transliteration: yqrbwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Ideo convertetur populus meus hic, et dies pleni invenientur in eis.

11 word entries

ideo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ideo
Transliteration: ideo
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 137

convertetur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: conuerto
Transliteration: convertetur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 343

populus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: populus
Transliteration: populus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2030

meus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meus
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

hic

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: hic
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

dies

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dies
Transliteration: dies
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2559

pleni

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: plenus
Transliteration: pleni
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 185

invenientur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inuenio
Transliteration: invenientur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 682

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

eis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Isaiah 60:6

A multitude of camels will cover you, the dromedaries of Midian and Ephah. All from Sheba will come. They will bring gold and frankincense, and will proclaim the praises of Yahweh.

7 relevance votes

Psalms 68:29

Because of your temple at Jerusalem, kings shall bring presents to you.

7 relevance votes

Isaiah 49:7

Yahweh, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, says to him whom man despises, to him whom the nation abhors, to a servant of rulers: “Kings shall see and rise up, princes, and they shall worship, because of Yahweh who is faithful, even the Holy One of Israel, who has chosen you.”

6 relevance votes

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Psalms 72

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Isaiah 60:6

Psalms 68:29

Isaiah 49:7

Psalms 45:12

1 Kings 10:1

Isaiah 60:9

2 Chronicles 9:21

Genesis 10:7

Isaiah 43:6

Isaiah 42:4

Matthew 2:11

Isaiah 60:3