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World English Bible

Psalms 60

World English Bible, Verse 4

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⁴ You have given a banner to those who fear you, that it may be displayed because of the truth. Selah.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 60:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 43

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הִרְעַ֣שְׁתָּה אֶ֣רֶץ פְּצַמְתָּ֑הּ רְפָ֖ה שְׁבָרֶ֣יהָ כִי־מָֽטָה׃

7 word entries

הִרְעַ֣שְׁתָּה

Lemma: 7493
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil perfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7493
Occurrences: 19

אֶ֣רֶץ

Lemma: 776
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H776
Occurrences: 692

פְּצַמְתָּ֑הּ

Lemma: 6480
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 2rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6480
Occurrences: 1

רְפָ֖ה

Lemma: 7495
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7495
Occurrences: 33

שְׁבָרֶ֣יהָ

Lemma: 7667
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7667
Occurrences: 27

כִי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

מָֽטָה

Lemma: 4131
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4131
Occurrences: 35

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ὅτι ἐγενήθης ἐλπίς μου, πύργος ἰσχύος ἀπὸ προσώπου ἐχθροῦ.

9 word entries

ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

ἐγενήθης

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐγενήθης
Transliteration: egenethes
Morphology: genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

ἐλπίς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐλπίς
Transliteration: elpis
Morphology: nominative singular feminine third-declension pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

πύργος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πύργος
Transliteration: pyrgos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

ἰσχύος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἰσχύς
Transliteration: ischyos
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular
Gloss: of strength
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Strength, power, or might.
Occurrences: 254

ἀπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: apo
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

προσώπου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πρόσωπον
Transliteration: prosopon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: face, presence
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Face, presence, person, or front.
Occurrences: 1170

ἐχθροῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐχθροῦ
Transliteration: echthroy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܙܝܥܬܗ̇ ܠܐܪܥܐ ܘܦܬܚܬܗ̇ ܥܨܘܒ ܬܒܪܗ̇ ܡܛܠ ܕܐܬܟܪܗܬ

7 word entries

ܐܙܝܥܬܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܙܝܥܬܗ
Transliteration: 'zy'th
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܠܐܪܥܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܐܪܥܐ
Transliteration: l'r''
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 189

ܘܦܬܚܬܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܦܬܚܬܗ
Transliteration: wpthth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܥܨܘܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܨܘܒ
Transliteration: 'swb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܬܒܪܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܒܪܗ
Transliteration: tbrh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 16

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܐܬܟܪܗܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܬܟܪܗܬ
Transliteration: d'tkrht
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אַרְגֵישְׁתָּא אַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל זַעֲזַעְתָּא וּסְדֵקְתָּא יָתָהּ אַסֵי תַבְרְיָהָא אֲרוּם אִתְמוֹטַטַת׃

10 word entries

אַרְגֵישְׁתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארגישתא
Transliteration: 'rgysht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

אַרְעָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ארע
Transliteration: 'r''
Morphology: noun feminine singular emphatic
Gloss: earth, land
Occurrences: 1735

דְיִשְׂרָאֵל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ישראל
Transliteration: dyshr'l
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + proper noun
Gloss: of/that Israel
Occurrences: 2312

זַעֲזַעְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זעזעתא
Transliteration: z'z't'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

וּסְדֵקְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סדקתא
Transliteration: wsdqt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

יָתָהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתה
Transliteration: yth
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 120

אַסֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אסי
Transliteration: 'sy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 12

תַבְרְיָהָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תבריהא
Transliteration: tbryh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

אֲרוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארום
Transliteration: 'rwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 997

אִתְמוֹטַטַת׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתמוטטת
Transliteration: 'tmwttt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

quia factus es spes mea: turris fortitudinis a facie inimici.

10 word entries

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

factus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: factus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: es
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

spes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: spes
Transliteration: spes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 131

mea

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: mea
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

turris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: turris
Transliteration: turris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 76

fortitudinis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fortitudo
Transliteration: fortitudinis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 193

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ab
Transliteration: a
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3693

facie

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facies
Transliteration: facie
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 793

inimici

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inimicus
Transliteration: inimici
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 389

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 60

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